CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus: Check Topic-Wise Weightage

Unit No

Chapter No

Particulars

Unit-VI Reproduction

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

flower structure, male and female gametophyte development, types, agencies, and examples of pollination, outbreeding methods, pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilisation; Post-fertilization processes include the growth of the endosperm and embryo, the development of the seed, and the production of fruit. Special forms include apomixis, parthenocarpy, and polyembryony.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction

The reproductive systems of men and women, the microscopic anatomy of the testis and ovary, gametogenesis—spermatogenesis and oogenesis—, the menstrual cycle, fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation, pregnancy and placenta formation (a basic concept), parturition (a basic concept), and lactation are all covered (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health

Birth control: techniques, need, and importance; medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); infertility and assisted reproductive technologies: IVF, ZIFT, GIFT; (elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendelian inheritance; pleiotropy; incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, and the inheritance of blood groups; the fundamental concept of polygenic inheritance; the chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; heredity and variation; Human, avian, and honey bee sex determination; linkage and crossing over; sex-related inheritance of haemophilia and colour blindness; Thalassemia, chromosomal diseases in people, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome are examples of Mendelian disorders in people.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter-7: Evolution

Origin of life; biological evolution and its supporting evidence (palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution; modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-principle; Weinberg's adaptive radiation; and human evolution.

Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation andmicrobes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Applications

Biotechnology's use in medicine and agriculture includes the creation of human insulin and vaccines, stem cell research, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms such as Bt crops, transgenic animals, and problems with biosafety, biopiracy, and patents.

Unit-X Ecology and Environment

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations

Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations)

Chapter-14: Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles)

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.