GATE 2024 Highest Scoring & Important Topics

Section

Topics

Machine Design

• Design of Gears and Bearings
• Joints

Strength of Materials

• Deflections
• SF & BM
• Stress and Strain
• Bending Stress
• Friction

Engineering Mechanics

• Law of Restitution
• Work and Energy
• Structural Analysis

Industrial Engineering

• Inventory Control
• Queuing Theory
• EOQ Problems
• Linear Programming Problem

Theory of Machines & Vibration

• Inversions of Single and Double Slider Crank
• Linkages
• Governors and Flywheel
• Shafts Problems
• Pairs and Its Applications
• Free Damped Vibrations

Fluid Machinery

• Surface Tension
• Capillary
• Buoyancy
• Flow Through Pipes
• Velocity Potential
• Applications of Bernoulli Equation
• Boundary Layer Theory

Thermodynamics

• Laws of  Thermodynamics
• Steam Turbines
• Problems with Diesel, Otto, Dual Cycle
• Second Law and First Law Problems

Engineering Materials

• Heat Treatment
• Defects in Crystal Structure
• Effect of Alloying Elements

Heat Transfer

• Numbers in Convection
• Critical Thickness
•  Problem in Heat Exchangers
• Problems on Conduction
• Shape Factor In Radiation

Manufacturing

• Orthogonal Cutting
• Problems on Welding
• Resistance Welding
• CNC Programming
• Casting Types and Design of Castings
• Tool Life Equation Problems
• Riser and Gate Design of Casting

Engineering Mathematics

• Matrices
• Differential Equations
• Probability

Section

Topics

Control Systems

• Frequency Domain Analysis using Nyquist and Bode plots
• Time Domain Analysis
• Signal flow graphs
• Routh-Hurwitz criteria

Digital Electronics

• ADC and DACs
• Logic Gates
• Sequential Circuits and Counters
• Boolean Algebra and K-Map

Signals and Systems

• Laplace transform
• LTI Systems
• Z-transform
• Fourier Transform

Networks

• Transient and Steady State Analysis of RLC Circuit
• Network Theorems
• Two-Port Networks
• Laplace transforms
• Network analysis

Electronic Devices & Circuits

• MOSFET and CMOS
• PN Junction
• Semiconductor Theory

Analog Circuits

• Small Signal Analysis of BJT and FET
• Operational Amplifier and its Applications
• Diode Circuits

Electromagnetics

• Electrostatics, EM waves & Transmission
• Waveguides and Antennas
• Transmission Lines

Communications

• AM, FM Modulation, and Demodulations
• Digital Communication
• Random Processes

Engineering Mathematics

• Linear Algebra
• Probability and Statistics
• Calculus and Differential equations

Subject

Important Topics

Water Resources Engineering

• Fluid Kinetics
• Hydrographs
• Open Channel Flow
• Fluid Properties
• Turbulent Flow
• Boundary Analysis
• Water Requirement for Crops

Engineering Mathematics

• Linear Algebra
• Calculus
• Eigen Values
• Differential Equations
• Newton’s and Lagrange Polynomials
• Probability and Statistics

Geotechnical Engineering

• Effect of Water Table on Soil
• Behaviour of Sand & Clay
• Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation
• Seepage Analysis
• Soil Index Properties

Structural Engineering

• Moment Distribution Method
• Deflection of Beams
• Kinematic & Static Indeterminacy
• SFD & BMD
• Combined Stress

Transportation Engineering

• Traffic Control Devices
• Sigh distances
• Marshall Mix Design
• Types of Pavements and their Characteristics
• Highway Capacity
• Cross-Sectional Elements

• Activated Sludge Process
• Noise Pollution
• Mixing of Pollutants from two streams
• Sedimentation Tank
• Trickling Filter
• Hardness of Water
• Biochemical Oxygen Demand

• Tacheometer
• Traversing
• Leveling
• Error Measurement

Subject

Important Topics

Engineering Mathematics

• Matrix Determinant
• Relations
• Eigenvalues
• Propositional Logic and Predicate Logic
• Conditional Probability

DBMS (Database Management Systems)

• Transactions
• Serializability
• Normalizations
• SQL Queries
• Relational Algebra

Programming and Data Structures

• Trees
• Queue
• Recursive Programs
• Stacks
• Graphs

Digital Logic

• Number System
• Logic Gates
• Minimization of Boolean Expressions
• Combinational Circuits
• Sequential Circuits

Computer Networks

• Ethernet
• TCP/UDP
• Sliding Window Protocol
• IPV4/IPV6
• Encryption and Decryption Algorithms

Algorithms

• Graph Algorithms
• Heaps
• Algorithm Analysis
• Sorting Algorithms
• Divide and Conquer & Greedy Algorithms

• Regular Languages
• Regular Expressions
• DFA
• Closure Properties
• Undecidability

• CPU Scheduling Algorithms
• Synchronization Mechanisms, Concurrency in IPC environment
• Techniques of Memory Management
• Implementation issues of File system design
• Virtual Memory

• Addressing Modes
• Pipelining
• Cache Organization
• I/O Data Transfer
• Number Representation

Subject

Important Topics

Engineering Mathematics

• Linear Algebra
• Probability and Statistics
• Calculus and Differential equations

Electric Machines

• DC machines
• Single phase transformers
• Synchronous Machines
• Three phase induction motors
• Three phase transformers
• Servo motors and Stepper motors
• Single phase Induction Motors

Power Systems

• Impedance and Admittances matrices
• Power Generation Concepts
• HVDC and FACTS concepts
• Circuit Breakers
• System Stability Concepts
• Fault Calculations and Transients
• Power system Protection

Control Systems

• Time Domain Analysis
• Block Diagrams & Signal Flow Graphs
• Routh-Hurwitz criteria
• Frequency Domain Analysis using Nyquist and Bode Plots

Power Electronics

• Choppers
• Rectifiers
• Cycloconverters
• Inverters
• Characteristics of Semi-Conductor devices

Digital Electronics

• ADC and DACs
• 8085 Microprocessor
• Boolean Algebra & K-Map
• Logic Gates
• Combinational circuits & Sequential Circuits

Networks

• Network Theorems
• Network Analysis
• Two-Port Networks
• Laplace transforms
• Magnetic Coupled circuits
• Phasor diagrams
• Transient and Steady State Analysis of RLC Circuit

Analog Circuits

• Rectifiers and Amplifiers
• Oscillators and Feedback Amplifiers
• BJT and FET
• Diode Circuits
• Operational Amplifier and its Applications

• Different type of laws
• Self and Mutual inductance
• Magnetic circuits

• Rectifiers and Amplifiers
• Oscillators and Feedback Amplifiers
• BJT and FET
• Diode Circuits
• Operational Amplifier and its Applications

• Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power, Energy & Power Factor
• Error Analysis
• Digital Voltmeters, Multi-meters & Milli-meter
• Bridges & Potentiometers

Subjects

Topics

Engineering Mathematics

• Calculus
• Linear Algebra
• Probability and Statistics
• Numerical Methods
• Complex variables
• Differential equations

Process Calculations and Thermodynamics

• Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase, multi-component, reacting, and non-reacting systems.
• Properties of mixtures 
• Use of tie components
• Second law and Entropy
• Chemical reaction equilibrium
• Gibb's phase rule and degree of freedom analysis
• First and Second laws of thermodynamics.
• Recycle, bypass and purge calculations
• Applications of first law to close and open systems 
• Phase equilibria
• Thermodynamic properties of pure substances

Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations

Fluid statics -

• Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
• Flow meters
• Flow past immersed bodies including packed and fluidized beds
• Dimensional analysis and similitude
• Flow through pipeline systems
• Shell balances including differential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance
• Surface tension 
• Elementary boundary layer theory
• Macroscopic friction factors
• Pumps and compressors

Turbulent flow -

• Particle size and shape 
• Centrifuge and cyclones
• Universal velocity profile and pressure drop
• Agitation and mixing
• Particle size distribution
• Fluctuating velocity
• Free and hindered settling
• Size reduction and classification of solid particles
• Conveying of solids
• Filtration
• Thickening and classification

Heat Transfer

• Equation of energy
• Thermal boundary layer and heat transfer coefficients
• Types of heat exchangers and evaporators and their process calculations
• Steady and unsteady heat conduction
• Boiling, condensation, and evaporation
• Convection and radiation
• Design of double pipe, shell and tube heat exchangers, and single and multiple effect evaporators

Mass Transfer

• Fick's laws
• Molecular diffusion in fluids
• HTU & NTU concepts
• Penetration and surface renewal theories
• Leaching, Adsorption
• Momentum, heat, and mass transfer analogies
• Membrane separations
• Mass transfer coefficients
• Design and operation of equipment for distillation
• Stage-wise and continuous contacting and stage efficiencies
• Liquid-liquid extraction
• Humidification, dehumidification
• Absorption, Drying

Chemical Reaction

• Theories of reaction rates
• Non-ideal reactors
• Interpretation of kinetic data
• Single and multiple reactions in ideal reactors
• Kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions
• Non-isothermal reactors
• Residence time distribution
• Diffusion effects in catalysis
• Kinetics of homogeneous reactions
• Rate and performance equations for catalyst deactivation
• Single parameter model

Instrumentation and Process Control

• Measurement of process variables
• Frequency response
• Transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems
• Transducers and their dynamics
• Process modeling and linearization
• P&ID equipment symbols
• Systems with inverse response
• Process reaction curve
• Controller modes (P, PI, and PID) 
• Analysis of closed-loop systems including stability
• Control valves
• Sensors
• Controller tuning
• Cascade and feed-forward control

Plant Design and Economics

• Principles of process economics and cost estimation including depreciation and total annualized
• Discounted cash flow
• Payback period
• Rate of return
• Cost indices
• Compressors, heat exchangers, and multistage contactors
• Optimization in process design and sizing of chemical engineering equipment 

Chemical Technology

• Fertilizers (Ammonia, Urea, SSP, and TSP) Natural products industries (Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Oil, and Fats)
• Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chlor-alkali industry)
• Polymerization industries (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, and polyester synthetic fibers)
• Petroleum refining and petrochemicals

Subjects

Topics

Engineering Mathematics

• Linear Algebra 
• Probability and Statistics
• Calculus
• Numerical Methods
• Differential Equations

General Biology

• Biochemistry
• Immunology
• Microbiology

Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology 

• Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Cell Biology 

Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

• Engineering Principles Applied to Biological Systems
• Transport Processes
• Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics

Bioprocess Engineering and Process Technology

• Bioreaction Engineering
• Instrumentation and Process Control
• Upstream and Downstream Processing 

Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology

• Animals
• Plants 
• Microbes

Recombinant DNA Technology and other tools in Biotechnology

• Recombinant DNA Technology
• Analytical tools
• Molecular tools
• Computational tools

Subjects

Topics

Engineering Mathematics

• Linear Algebra
• Complex variables
• Calculus
• Numerical Methods
• Differential equations

General Engineering

• Thermodynamics
• Engineering Materials
• Theory of Machines and Design
• Thermal and Fluids Engineering
• Applied Mechanics

Manufacturing Processes I

• Joining of materials
• Casting
• Powder Processing
• Metal forming
• Polymers and Composites

Manufacturing Processes II

• Machining
• Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• Machine Tools
• Advanced Manufacturing

Quality and Reliability

• Metrology and Inspection
• Reliability and Maintenance
• Quality management

Industrial Engineering

• Product Design and Development
• Facility Design
• Work System Design

Operations research and Operations management

• Operation Research
• Production control
• Engineering Economy and Costing
• Project management - PERT, CPM. GERT, and Gantt chart.