Most Important Topic & Weightage for KCET 2025 Chemistry

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements with Reason, s/p/d/f block elements, periods, Account of Groups, Mendeleev Periodic Law, Significance of Classification, X-ray spectra of Elements (based on Henry Moseley’s observations)

• X-Ray Spectra of Elements
• Mendeleev Periodic Law

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Reactions in Solutions, Mole and Molar Mass, Avogadro Constant, Atomic and Molecular Masses, Dalton’s Atomic Theory, General Introduction, Laws of Chemical Combination, Properties of Matter and their Measurements

• Mole and Molar Mass
• Avogadro Constant
• Properties of Matter and their Measurements

Redox Reactions

Oxidant/Oxidising Agent, Oxidation Number, Redox Reactions, Concept of Oxidation and Reduction, Reduction, Oxidation, Types of Redox Reactions.

• Redox Reactions
• Oxidation
• Oxidation Number

Thermodynamics

Enthalpy of a Reaction, Thermochemical Equations (examples), Specific Heat, Heat Capacity, Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions, Work and Heat, Surroundings, Thermodynamic Terms, Internal Energy - as a State Function, Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous Reaction.

• Heat Capacity
• Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
• Thermochemical Equations

s-Block Elements

Preparation and Properties of Some Compounds, Atomic and Ionic Radii, Hydration Enthalpy, Occurrence, Group I and II - Elements Electronic Configuration, Biological Importance of Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K), Trends in Ionization Enthalpy, Anamolous Properties of Lithium.

• Anomalous Properties of Lithium, Atomic, and Ionic Radii
• Group I and II - Elements Electronic Configuration

Hydrogen

Dinitrogen, Chemical Properties, Physical Properties, Dioxygen, Reaction with Halogens, Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table, Hydrides - Classification, Dihydrogen as a Fuel - Meaning of Hydrogen Economy.

• Reaction with Halogens
• Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table
• Chemical Properties

Environmental Chemistry

Green Chemistry in Day-to-Day Life, Strategies to Control Environmental Pollution, Water Pollution, Stratospheric Pollution, Environmental Pollution, Soil Pollution, Introduction to Green Chemistry, Air Pollution or Troposphere Pollution.

• Strategies to Control Environmental Pollution
• Air Pollution or Troposphere Pollution

p-Block Elements

General Introduction to p-Block Elements (Electronic Configuration), Allotropic Forms, Catenation, Group - 13 Elements, Anomalous Behaviour of First Member of Each Group, Oxidation States, Carbon - Reason and Anamolous Behaviour, Group - 14 Elements, Inert Pair Effect.

• Anomalous Behaviour of the First Member of Each Group
• Inert Pair Effect
• General Introduction to p-Block Elements
• Group - 14 Elements

Solutions

Solution of a Liquid in a Liquid, Types of Solutions, Raoult’s Law, Solution of a Solid in a Liquid, Numerical Problems to Determine Molar Mass (with the help of Colligative Properties), Abnormal Molar Mass.

• Raoult’s Law
• Solution of a Liquid in a Liquid

Solid State

Electrical Properties, Point-Defects Types, Close Packing 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional Lattices, Coordination Number, Unit Cell, Lattice Points Definition, General Characteristics of Solids - Amorphous and Crystalline Solids, Crystal Lattice, Classification Crystalline Solids.

• Close Packing 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Lattices
• General Characteristics of Solids - Amorphous and Crystalline Solids

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Extraction of Different Metals, Hydraulic Washing, Roasting and Calcination, Leaching of Alumina from Bauxite, Froth Floatation, Principles and Methods of Extraction - Concentration of Ores, Refining - Principles and Examples each for Distillation, Magnetic Separation.

• Leaching of Alumina from Bauxite
• Froth Floatation
• Principles and Methods of Extraction - Concentration of Ores

Surface Chemistry

Properties of Colloids - Brownian Movement & Tyndall Effect, Difference Between Absorption and Adsorption, Adsorption - Adsorbent, Adsorbate (Examples), Classification of Colloids, Catalysis - Homogenous and Heterogenous Catalysis, Physisorption and Chemisorption.

• Brownian Movement & Tyndall Effect
• Difference Between Absorption and Adsorption

Haloalkenes and Haloarenes

Reaction with Metals, Electrophilic Substitution Reactions for Chlorobenzenes, Neclueophilic Substitution Reactions, Reactions of Haloalkanes, Preparation from Alcohols, Classification Based on Hybridisation of Carbon, Optical Isomerism, Haloarenes, Elimination Reaction (β - Elimination), Physical Properties.

• Reactions of Haloalkanes
• Optical Isomerism
• Electrophilic Substitution Reactions for Chlorobenzenes
• Classification Based on the Hybridisation of Carbon

Coordination Compounds

Stereoisomerism, Isomerism, Compare Weak Field Ligand, Crytal Field Theory (CFT), Werner’s Theory, Central of Metal Ion, Coordination Entity, Spectrochemical Series, Difference Between Double Salt and Coordination, General Introduction to Salts, Importance of Coordination compounds, Coordination Number.

• Crystal Field Theory
• Werner’s Theory,
• Difference Between Double Salt and Coordination
• Stereoisomerism

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

Diazonium Salts, Reduction of Nitrile and Amide, Methods of Preparation - Reduction of Nitrobenzene, Amines - Classification and Structure of Amines, Retention of Diazo Group, Physical and Chemical Properties.

• Physical and Chemical Properties
• Reduction of Nitrobenzene

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Physical, and Chemical Properties of Primary Alcohols, Classification - All Types of Alcohols and Phenols, Preparation of Phenol, Preparation of Alcohols, Reactions of Phenol, Esterification, and Acylation of Phenols/Alcohols.

• Physical and Chemical Properties of Primary Alcohols
• All Types of Alcohols and Phenols

Polymers

Non-biodegradable polymers, Methods of Polymerization, Classification - Structure, Source and Types of Polymerization, Macromolecule, Monomer, Polymer, Rubber, Name of Monomer/s and Partial Structure for the Polymers, Polymerization

• Macromolecule
• Name of Monomer/s and Partial Structure for the Polymers
• Monomer

Biomolecules

Classification of ɑ - Amino Acids, Proteins,  Glucose, Hormones  Polysaccharides, Disaccharide, Carbohydrates-Classification based on Hydrolysis, Nucleic Acids, Vitamins,

• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic Acids

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Process of Saponification and Equation, Cleansing Agents - Soaps, Chemicals in Food - Artificial Sweetening Agents, Different Classes of Drugs - Antacids, Chemicals in Medicine - Chemotherapy, Drugs, Preservatives, etc

• Chemicals in Food - Artificial Sweetening Agents
• Chemotherapy
• Drugs

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

08

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

08

Redox Reactions

04

Thermodynamics

04

s-Block Elements

06

Hydrogen

03

Environmental Chemistry

02

p-Block Elements

07

Solutions

07

Solid State

07

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

04

Surface Chemistry

06

Haloalkenes and Haloarenes

06

Coordination Compounds

06

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

05

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

07

Polymers

05

Biomolecules

06

Chemistry in Everyday Life

04

Modern’s Abc of Chemistry, Part 1 and Part 2

S.P. Jauhar

NCERT books of Class 11 and 12 for Chemistry

NCERT

Chemistry for 1st Year PUC

Prof. Somashekara Prasad

Pradeep’s New Course Chemistry

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