PhD Course - Doctor of Philosophy

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Jun 26, 2024 00:03AM IST

PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is an advanced doctorate-level course and the students are able to complete this course usually between 3-6 years. As per regulations, one can be awarded a PhD degree within 3 years of registration but it usually takes longer and it also depends on areas of research. PhD can be pursued in a wide range of subjects such as law, engineering, medicine, communication, mathematics, chemistry, anthropology, social sciences and many more. To enroll for a PhD program, candidates need a master’s degree and must clear entrance exams like CSIR UGC NET or JNUEE or the entrance examinations conducted by respective colleges or universities where students want to enroll for. PhD is offered by almost all the renowned institutions such as IITs, Jadavpur University, Delhi University and Jawaharlal Nehru University. 


 

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Course

PhD course, or Doctor of Philosophy course, is a doctorate-level course that can take 3–6 years to complete, but can be completed in 5–6 years. The course can cover a variety of subjects, including law, engineering, migration studies, medicine, anthropology, and physics. To get admission to a PhD course, candidates must hold a master's degree. Further, PhD entrance exams like the CSIR UGC NET, UGC-NET, JNUEE, and others are used in India to grant admission to PhD courses. Among the top PhD colleges that offer admission to the course are IIT Kanpur, Jadavpur University, Chandigarh University, IIT BHU, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IIT Gandhinagar, and others.

PhD syllabuses vary depending on the subject chosen by the candidate for research; however, the every PhD syllabus is designed to encourage students to conduct research. PhD subjects include the Formulation and Investigation of multiple theses, including Western Philosophy, Modern Philosophy, Indian Philosophical Studies, etc. as well as guaranteeing the safe and well-resourced completion of projects and the development of theses from research. 

Candidates could previously pursue PhD courses through distance education; however, a UGC circular issued in 2017 stated that a PhD course pursued through distance education would no longer be recognised. PhD fellowships are usually granted to candidates who have passed entrance exams such as GATE, JEST, UGC NET, and others while pursuing their PhD. Furthermore, academic institutions such as IGNOU and Delhi University (DU) provide fellowships to PhD students who are enrolled full-time. Candidates may pursue a PhD course in any field of interest. PhD candidates must choose one or more topics, conduct extensive research on them, and respond to any questions that arise. 

PhD candidates conduct original research and write original theses on a given topic. In addition to their research, students participate in extracurricular activities, attend seminars, and give presentations. Candidates with a PhD have more career options in fields such as Research, Education, Literature, Civil Service, Politics, Communications, Human Resources, Advertising, and so on.

PhD graduates in the academic sector, can pursue PhD jobs such as Research Assistants, Assistant Professors, and Scientific Writers/Editors.  PhD candidates are employed by a variety of industries, including Academic Institutions/Universities, both privately funded and government institutions. They can also work in government offices as Policy Analysts or Data Scientists. Lastly, candidates can expect to earn a PhD salary ranging between INR 8 - 10 LPA.

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PhD Latest Updates 2024

Here are the most latest updates about PhD:

  • The GATE 2024 Exam will take place on February 3, 4, 10, and 11, 2024. 
  • JEE Main Result 2024 for Session 1 will be released on February 12, 2024.
  • Furthermore, the JEE Main Session 2 exam will be held between April 1 and April 15, 2024, with the results announced on April 25, 2024. 
  • The WBJEE exam date for 2024 has been announced. WBJEE 2024 will be held on April 28, 2024, as a pen-and-paper test. 
  • The first phase of the AEEE exam is over. The AEEE phase 1 results will be available by February 10. 
  • The second phase of AEEE 2024 is scheduled for May 10–14, 2024. 
  • Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham will accept the AEEE application form 2024 for Phase 2 until the end of April 2024. 
  • The OJEE application form 2024 has been released, and the deadline for submitting it is March 15, 2024.
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PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Course Details: Highlights

The major highlights of the PhD course are listed in the table below. 

ParticularsDetails
Course LevelDoctorate 
Full-formDoctor of Philosophy
PhD Course Duration3 - 5 years (maximum up to 6 years)
Examination TypeSemester wise 
PhD Eligibility Criteria

·        Post graduation with minimum 55% marks

·        Through Fellowship: Masters in relevant discipline with minimum 55% marks and cleared National level fellowship examination.

·        Research Entrance Test: Masters in relevant discipline with minimum 55% marks and cleared RET conducted by the university.

PhD Admission processEntrance Exam followed by Personal Interview 
PhD Top UniversitiesJamia Millia Islamia, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi University, Banaras Hindu University, etc.
PhD Course FeeINR 50K - INR 6 LPA
PhD Employment AreaGovernment Departments, Research Institutes, Academic Institutions, Colleges and Universities, etc.
PhD Job PositionsAssistant Professor, Associate Professor, Research Advisor, Research Consultant, etc.
Average PhD SalaryINR 5 - INR 10 LPA
Top PhD RecruitersKPMG, Google, Apple, IBM, CITI bank, BP, Black rock, Aecom, AMEC, Atkins, EDF Energy, NHS, GSK, Barclays, etc.
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What is the Difference Between PhD and Doctorate?

A PhD is not the same as a Doctorate. They, on the other hand, confuse people. The difference between PhD and Doctorate is tabulated below.

PhDDoctorate
The terms "PhD" and "doctorate" are frequently used interchangeably, as a PhD is a specific type of doctorate that is commonly awarded in a variety of subjects around the world. Apart from the PhD, there are other specialised or professional doctorate degrees available. In essence, all PhDs are doctorates, but not all doctorates are PhDs.A Doctorate is an academic qualification that confers a doctoral degree on a candidate. To earn a doctorate, one must conduct cutting-edge research that contributes significantly to knowledge in their field or to society. This achievement earns the candidate the title "Doctor." 
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Why Choose a PhD Degree?

Pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) offers numerous advantages for students interested in a specific field. 

  • It allows them to explore their subject in-depth and expand their knowledge. 
  • PhD students have the freedom to dedicate ample time to their research projects without feeling rushed or pressured for immediate results. 
  • One of the main motivations for pursuing a PhD is to enhance employment prospects, as it opens up career opportunities that may not be accessible with just a bachelor's or master's degree. These opportunities often require specialized research skills and extensive experience. 
  • Furthermore, a PhD is often a prerequisite for those aspiring to work in academia as lecturers or university researchers. 
  • If you have a genuine passion for research, a PhD can be a highly rewarding pursuit, providing a sense of enjoyment and fulfillment. However, it's important to have a clear vision of your post-PhD plans. 
  • If you seek a new challenge that fosters personal growth, a PhD offers a unique and highly committed educational experience with significant rewards.
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PhD Course Entrance Exams

PhD programmes are highly competitive, and many students apply. Because a PhD qualification is a highly valued qualification that is not offered by many colleges, students compete fiercely for admission. Colleges use an entrance exam as a screening process to ensure fairness in the decision-making process. The following are some of the most popular PhD entrance exams:

  • UGC NET
  • CSIR-UGC NET
  • UGC JRF
  • SET/ SLET
  • IISc PhD Entrance Exam
  • TISS-RAT
  • JNU Entrance Examination
  • IIT JAM
  • BHU – Research Entrance Test
  • ICMR
  • NIPER PhD Entrance Exam    
  • AIIMS PhD Entrance Exam
     

The eligibility criteria for the aforementioned entrance exams vary because they are entirely dependent on the conduction body. As each college or subject has its own governing body, the format of the entrance exams varies depending on the specialization. Some general guidelines for PhD entrance examinations are listed below:

  • There will be logical, reasoning, and knowledge-based questions on the exam. The test will be conducted both online and offline
  • The papers will be objective, and if there are any subjective questions, they will be asked to assess argument and reasoning skills
  • A university's/conduction body's syllabus, mode of examination, and question pattern may change.
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PhD Admission Process in India

PhD admissions are mostly chosen through entrance exams. There are a few universities, however, where admission is also based on merit. A candidate must be eligible for the course in order to apply for PhD admissions. PhD admission requires a Master's degree or an MPhil with an aggregate of at least 55% from any recognised university in the country or a foreign university. Candidates with an MTech or ME degree are also eligible to apply.  

To be able to apply for PhD admission 2024, candidates must meet the eligibility criteria.

PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Eligibility Criteria

Candidates are only eligible to pursue a PhD if they have completed a master's degree in a related course/field/stream to which they are interested in getting a PhD. Some colleges seek candidates to have completed an MPhil before enrolling in a PhD course.

Other than that, many colleges state that candidates who have passed the UGC NET are eligible for PhD programmes offered by them. Candidates wishing to pursue a PhD in Engineering must have a valid GATE score.

PhD Eligibility Criteria Category-Wise

Some of the basic eligibility for PhD admission are mentioned below:

  • Students must have a done Master’s degree (MSc/MTech/MPhil/MA/MBA) in a relevant subject, in order to study a PhD Course
  • The student should have scored at least 55% marks or equivalent grade points in the PG course that he studied in any government-recognized institute. In case the candidate belongs to a reserved category (SC/ST/OBC), he/ she will be offered relaxation in minimum marks of either 5% or 10%, depending on the category
  • University/college mandated PhD entrance examination needs to be cleared by the candidate to ensure a seat for pursuing a PhD
  • In some university/colleges candidates that have work experience in the field of research are preferred highly and are given more preference

However, the following are a few examples of category-wise eligibility requirements for PhD candidates:

PhD Eligibility for Government/Semi-Government Fellowship Recipients: Full-Time Research Scholars

PhD scholars in this category are eligible for financial assistance through government/semi-government fellowship programmes

PhD Eligibility for Institute research Scholars with Teaching Assistance

PhD scholars in this category are offered Institute Teaching Assistantships as specified by the MHRD

PhD Eligibility for Self-financed Candidates (Indian/ Foreign)

  • Indian self-financed: Indian candidates who self-fund their education are given seats in doctoral programmes offered by institutions based on their performance and experience. Such candidates participate in the regular admissions process for PhD courses in order to be offered admission to the institute's PhD programmes, but the institute does not provide them with any financial support
  • Foreign self-financed: Only after they receive the required "no objection certificate" from MHRD, the Indian government, and other required approvals from India's Ministry of External Affairs, are foreign self-financed candidates offered admission through the embassy of their home nation.

PhD Eligibility for Candidate Sponsors

These PhD candidates are supported to conduct full-time research at the relevant institution by (recognised) Research and Development organisations.

PhD Eligibility for Candidates for Study Leaves

For a period of less than three years, government organisations, businesses, and educational institutions grant study leaves to applicants who fall into this category so they can conduct research at the designated institution. For admission as a PhD scholar in this category, the candidate's institute or employer must provide a letter of leave.

PhD Eligibility for ICCR Awardees

If they have been given a scholarship by their government, foreign candidates who are supported by their respective governments are given a seat in a PhD programme under the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR) award holders' category.

PhD Eligibility for Part-time Scholars in Research

The following categories are available for applicants at an institute seeking admission as part-time research scholars:

  • Research Assistants
  • Institute staff/ Faculty
  • Project Staff
  • External Sponsored Candidates

Steps to apply for PhD Admission 2024

PhD Admission 2024 is majorly based on entrance exam. The UGC NET, which is administered twice a year, is one of several entrance exams used for PhD admission. Admission to Central universities is available. JRF-GATE, the IISC PhD Entrance Exam, the VMOU PhD, the IPU PhD, and the IGNOU PhD are additional PhD entrance exams. A few universities also have entrance exams specifically designed for PhD courses. Applicants may also sit for entrance examinations like the GATE, NET, and CSIR NET to be considered for PhD admissions in India.

To apply for PhD or research course, applicants must complete the following steps:

Step 1: Go to the official website of the college or university, review all of the information about the PhD course it offers, and select the field of study you want to pursue.

Step 2: Candidates must keep a look out for any admission updates or visit the university's official website to complete their application for admission to the course of their choice.

Step 3: Candidates must then complete and submit their PhD application forms in accordance with the educational institution's timeline. Applicants must also submit all required paperwork and the application fee on time in order to be considered for PhD admission.

Step 4: Some colleges and universities may require a research proposal in addition to the application form. The application is submitted to the educational institution's research unit, which reviews it along with the research proposal.

Step 5: Following the review of the PhD application, the majority of colleges and universities shortlist the names of candidates who must appear for the entrance exam and other admissions processes that are held to select applicants for admission to the PhD course they offer.

Step 6: Candidates are assigned supervisors or guides for their PhD research after being admitted to PhD course based on their performance in the admission rounds.

Skills Required for PhD Graduate

PhD graduates must possess a set of skills essential for success in their careers, extending beyond their research proficiency. These skills are crucial for thriving in the workplace after completing their research. These skills include:

  • Proficiency in quantitative analysis
  • Strong research abilities
  • Sharp analytical skills
  • Capacity to handle high-pressure situations
  • Effective interpersonal skills
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Direct PhD Admission Process Without Entrance Exam

In most colleges and universities, PhD admissions are decided by merit. A written 10+2 exam, a series of in-person interviews, and/or a qualifying exam relevant to the programme will determine which candidates are accepted into the PhD programme. Under such circumstances, candidates are usually selected on the basis of their academic standing and their results on a prior relevant exam.

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Types of PhD Programs

In India, there are three basic types of PhD programmes. They are full-time PhDs, part-time PhDs, and online PhDs.

Full Time PhDPart Time PhDOnline PhD

Full-Time PhD program, which is a traditional Doctor of Philosophy program, typically spans four to six years. 

Among various modes of pursuing a PhD, full-time programs tend to be the most expensive. 

They are commonly favored by recipients of government or semi-government fellowships, institute research scholars who receive teaching assistance, as well as self-financed candidates.

PhD programs also offer the option of part-time study, primarily intended for individuals employed in esteemed research organizations, academic institutions, or industries near the campus. 

Part-time PhD students are held to the same academic credit and requirement standards as their full-time counterparts, resulting in a completion timeframe of approximately 7-8 years. These students are expected to attend a limited number of classes. 

Additionally, they must possess a minimum of one year of work experience and provide a letter of recommendation from their employer. Part-time PhD programs prioritize research that contributes to company development rather than individual research projects.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is an advanced degree that typically spans four years and involves rigorous study and research. Undertaking an Online PhD program can greatly enhance one's career opportunities. 

This degree is often a prerequisite for individuals aspiring to leadership positions, academia, consulting, research roles, or entrepreneurship. 

Whether it's students seeking to deepen their knowledge or professionals looking to advance in their fields, completing an Online PhD offers valuable credentials and opens doors to diverse professional paths.

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Top PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Courses in Different Streams

Students can check out below some popular PhD courses that they can pursue in different streams:

Popular PhD Course in Humanities

PhD in humanities consists of courses that critically examine human thought and culture. These courses usually deal with the effect of art, music, literature, the arts, and philosophy on the world we live in. Students pursuing a PhD in Humanities course must focus more on abstract questions rather than on technical skills. 

The students pursuing a PhD degree in Arts would learn and research in depth about the development of ideas and concepts, behavioural patterns and the challenges faced, functioning of a society, human interactions and relationships, etc. Students can check online some of the popular PhD courses in Humanities and Arts mentioned below: 

  • PhD in Humanities
  • PhD Economics
  • PhD Geography
  • PhD in Social Work
  • PhD in English
  • PhD in Public and Economic Policy
  • PhD in Humanities & Social Sciences
  • PhD in Psychology
  • PhD in Arts
  • PhD in International Relations and Politics
  • PhD in Physiology
  • PhD in Public Policy


Popular PhD Course in Science

PhD Science is a doctorate level course with a duration of 3 to 5 years during which students from MSc or MTech background can learn more about this field. It involves candidates to research any one of the PhD subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. 

At the end of the course, the student will have to submit the research thesis to earn a PhD Science degree. Students can check out some of the popular online PhD courses in Science mentioned below: 

  • PhD in Chemistry
  • PhD in Clinical Research
  • PhD in Science
  • PhD in Bioscience
  • PhD in Bioinformatics
  • PhD Biotechnology
  • PhD in Mathematical and Computational Sciences
  • PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering
  • PhD Zoology
  • PhD in Physics
  • Phd in Mathematics
  • PhD in Zoology
     

Popular PhD Courses in Commerce

PhD in Commerce is a doctorate course with a minimum duration of two years with certain universities requiring the candidates to complete the course within five years of time along with the thesis or research paper. There are some universities that provide part-time PhD in commerce. 

The PhD in Commerce subjects provides a greater insight in the field of commerce and accounting, finance, forecasting, management and budgeting. These courses are better suited for someone with a commerce or business background. The course provides better quality education to the students so they can serve the needs of business and industry management. Two such popular PhD courses are mentioned below: 

  • PhD in Commerce Management
  • PhD in Accounting and Financial Management
     

Popular PhD Courses in Engineering

If you want to focus on research-based education in the field of technology then a PhD in engineering and technology is one of the best options. It involves the development of new cutting-edge technologies or research methods that can create an impact on the world. It can also be a program that focuses on the student's own desired focus, such as on learning a very specific area of engineering or technology. 

Ph.D. in Engineering and Technology is a 5-year course. Candidates who wish to pursue a PhD in engineering and technology must have a masters degree or equivalent to this degree from a recognized university. Some popular PhD Course in Engineering are mentioned below:

  • PhD in Engineering
  • PhD in Genetic Engineering
  • PhD in Civil Engineering
  • PhD in Engineering and Technology
  • PhD Electronics & Communication Engineering
  • PhD Computer Science Engineering
  • PhD in Electronics and Communication Engineering
  • PhD in Information Technology
  • PhD in Production Engineering
  • PhD in Chemical Engineering
  • PhD in Mechanical Engineering
     

Popular PhD Course in Business & Management

PhD in Business and Management is a doctorate level course that includes the activities associated with a company, such as managing, leading, monitoring, organizing and strategizing. The duration of PhD in Business Management is usually 3-years. Some popular PhD degree in Business & Management are mentioned below: 

  • PhD Business Administration
  • PhD in Management
  • PhD in Aviation Management
  • PhD in Logistics and Supply Chain Management
  • PhD in Accounting and Financial Management
  • PhD in Marketing/ Brand Management
  • PhD in Commerce
  • PhD in Commerce and Management
     

Popular PhD Degree in Law

PhD in law allows the students to enhance their understanding of the legal studies. The students are taught an overview of the subject, the nuances to proceed with the cases and how to go around while studying a case, and the outlook required while looking into its details. 

PhD in Law is a 3-year full-time doctorate programme in the field of Law. PhD in law provides students with the required training which helps them pave their way in gaining exposure in their field. Some popular PhD Course in Law are mentioned below:

  • PhD in Law
  • PhD in Constitutional Law
  • PhD in Law and Governance
  • PhD in Legal Studies
     

Popular PhD Degree in Teaching & Education

  • PhD in Education
  • PhD in Teaching
     
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Types of PhD Research Scholars

There are 2 types of research scholars in PhD:

Full Time Research Scholars

The details about full time research scholars is given below:

Type of Research ScholarDetails
Government/ Semi-Government Fellowship RecipientsGovernment or semi-government fellowship programs provide financial support to PhD scholars in this category.
Institute Research Scholars with Teaching AssistancePhD scholars in this category are eligible for Institute Teaching Assistantships as per the guidelines of the MHRD.
Indian Self-Financed Candidates with a strong track record and experience are granted admission to doctoral programs at institutes based on their qualifications. These candidates participate in the standard admission process for PhD courses. However, it is important to note that they are not provided with any financial assistance from the institute.
Foreign Self- FinancedCandidates are admitted to the program through their respective country's embassy, but only after obtaining the required "no objection certificate" from the MHRD (Ministry of Human Resource Development), Government of India, along with other necessary approvals from the Ministry of External Affairs in India.
Sponsored CandidatesPhD scholars in this category receive sponsorship from recognized Research and Development organizations to conduct full-time research at the relevant institute.
Study Leave CandidatesCandidates in this category are granted study leave by Government institutes, companies, or educational institutions for a period of less than three years to pursue research at the designated institute. To secure admission as a PhD scholar in this category, a letter of leave from the candidate's institute or company is required.
ICCR AwardeesForeign candidates sponsored by their respective governments are granted admission to a PhD program under the category of Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR) award holders, provided they have received the scholarship from their government.

Part Time Research Scholars

Individuals who seek admission under the part time research scholars at an institute are offered admission under the categories mentione below:

  • Project Staff
  • External Sponsored Category
  • Institute Staff/ Faculty
  • Research Assistants
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PhD Fee in India

In India, the average PhD course fee varies from INR 50 and 6LPA, with candidates typically able to pay the fees annually. However, the PhD course fee is set by the college to which students wish to apply. PhD fees vary depending on factors such as college location, facilities, faculty, and infrastructure. PhD programmes allow students to apply for scholarships from private companies, colleges, and non-governmental organisations. These scholarships benefit students by reducing their financial burdens and encouraging them to pursue their research. 

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PhD Syllabus & Subjects

PhD syllabus will be determined by the subject chosen by the student. It is worth noting that the PhD programme is available in nearly all major disciplines, including Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Bio-Sciences, Clinical Research, Zoology, Applied Sciences, Economics, Social Work, Literature, Arts, Psychology, and Social Sciences.

The student will have approximately 3-5 years to complete their PhD programme. The student will be required to submit an original research thesis on a specific topic at the end of the programme.

Topics for the research paper could include:

  • Introduction to the Topic 
  • Research Design 
  • Research Foundation 
  • Quality Standards 
  • Structure and Size

For your ease, we have included PhD syllabuses for a few subjects.

PhD Syllabus for Science Specialisation

The following is the PhD Syllabus or Doctor of Philosophy syllabus in Science. The programme lasts between three and five years. The syllabus is divided into semesters, and the PhD subjects covered are listed below. Each year is divided into two semesters.

Semester ISemester II
Component Object Model (COM) & interfaces in COMVector and array processor
CORBA, JAVA, and object webMultiprocessor architecture
Computer architecturePipeline architecture
Advanced computer algorithmsComputer system design
Distributed COMAdvanced software engineering
Dynamic programmingTesting
Semester IIISemester IV
Advanced database management systemsTelecommunications systems, satellite systems, broadcast systems
Parallel and distributed databases, web databasesWeb engineering and software quality metrics
Backtracking, branch and boundFrequencies for radio transmission
Data miningWireless network and communication
Data warehousingWireless LAN
Semester VSemester VI
XML Primer, JSP, XLS, ASPDistributed file system
Distributed objects and remote innovationTransactions and concurrency control, replication
Advanced transaction processingDistributed systems
Building web agreementMedium access control

PhD Syllabus for Management Studies Specialization

PhD Syllabus or Doctor of Philosophy syllabus in management studies course is mentioned below. The given PhD syllabus is semester-wise with the PhD subjects mentioned below. 

Semester ISemester II
General managementElective I
-Information technology management
-Financial management
-Human resource management
-Operations management
Semester IIISemester IV
Quantitative analysisLogistics
Research methodologyRetail merchandising
Computer applicationsMarketing
Semester VSemester VI
Project workDissertation
Review report-
Seminar-

PhD Syllabus for Engineering and Technology Specialization

PhD Syllabus in engineering and technology is given below. The PhD course is for 5 years. The given PhD subjects are topic wise:

Foundations of computingSoftware systems
Parallel and distributed systemsFinal research
Formal methods: Program correctness, Hoarier logic, Program semantics and model checking-

PhD in Legal Studies Syllabus

The Syllabus of PhD in legal studies is given below. The course is for 3 years. The given PhD subjects are coursewise:

Course ICourse II
Research processesJurisprudence
Methods of investigations and tools for collection of dataConstitutional law
Research methodology-
Course IIICourse IV
Seminars and presentationSeminars and presentation

PhD in Philosophy Syllabus

PhD syllabus in Philosophy course is given below. The course is for 3 years to 6 years. The given syllabus is paper-wise. There are 4 papers including elective exams with the PhD subjects mentioned below:

Paper I (Research)Paper-II (optional)
Literature surveyTheory of knowledge
Data collection and organizationAdvanced course in logic
Introduction to research methodologyAdvanced course in formal methods
Principles of thesis preparationAdvanced course in philosophy of science
Research tools and studiesPhilosophy of statistics
-Philosophy of the computer and information science
-Decision theory
-Value theory
-Philosophy of mathematics
-Philosophical aesthetics
-Philosophy of language
-Art technology
-Political philosophy
-Environment philosophy
-Philosophy of social sciences
-Critical reading in philosophical texts
Paper III Elective (Indian Philosophical studies)Paper IV Elective (western Philosophical studies)
Ishvara Krishna – Samkhya KarikaPlato
Nagarjuna – MulamadhyamakakarikaA treatise of Human Nature Book
Carvaka – LokayataLogical Atomism
Early BuddhismKant- Critique of Pure Reason
Vaisesika SutraWittgenstein – Philosophical investigations
Sankara’s Commentary on first four SutraFreedom and resentment and other essays
Jaina – PancastikayasaraSome main problems of philosophy
The first and last freedomHow to do things with words
The Nyaya Theory of knowledgeConcept of minds
A new perspective in Indian Philosophy ChaptersBeing and nothingness
Reason and tradition in Indian thoughtBeing and time
Paper V (Mandatory)
Thesis presentation
Comprehensive viva voce

PhD in English Literature Syllabus

PhD Syllabus or Doctor of Philosophy syllabus in English literature course is given below. The duration of this PhD course is for 3 years to 5 years. The PhD subjects covered in this course are mentioned below. 

Medieval literatureProse fiction
Women’s literatureLesbians, Gay and bisexual literature
African – American literatureRenaissance literature
Colonial and post-colonial literatureLiterary criticism and theory
English poetryLiterature in the 12th century
Dramatic literature-

PhD in Economics Syllabus

PhD Syllabus of Economics course is given below.  There are a total of 4 papers with the elective exam. All of the papers along with various PhD subjects are mentioned below. 

Paper I (Research)Paper-II (Development Economics)Paper III (Financial Studies)Paper IV (mandatory)
Introduction to research methodologyRural developmentOverview of financial marketsThesis presentation
Data collection and organizationPoverty and inequalityHedging strategies with financial marketsComprehensive Viva-voce
Econometric methodsLabour and migrationModelling the behavior of asset prices-
Advanced econometric methodsGovernance and the political economy of developmentTrading strategies in financial markets-
Topics in mathematical economicsInternational trade and developmentRole of financial intermediaries-
Advanced economic theoryUrbanization and developmentInterest rate derivatives-
Probability distribution and testing of hypothesisEconomics of the computer and information scienceMacroeconomics consequences of financial imperfections-
Advanced microeconomics theoryHealth and education--
Advanced macroeconomics theoryEnvironment and development--
-Industrial economics--
-The political economy of development--
-International macroeconomics--
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PhD Course Structure

The steps that candidates must take when pursuing a PhD course in order to be awarded a PhD degree are as follows:

  • When candidates are accepted into PhD programmes at educational institutions, they must submit a research proposal as well as a research topic.
  • Then, candidates are assigned a research supervisor or guide.
  • Following this, the Research Programme Coordinator/Guide/Supervisor informs candidates about the Course Work, evaluation methodology, and teaching schedule.
  • Most educational institutions require aspirants to submit six-month progress reports for their research projects.
  • Furthermore, as a Research Student, you must give at least two seminar presentations during your tenure as a Research Scholar and submit a Certificate in the prescribed format to the Research Unit.
  • Before submitting their PhD thesis, PhD students must first publish at least one research paper in a peer-reviewed/refereed journal and then submit a Certificate in the prescribed format to the Research Unit.
  • Before aspirants submit their thesis, their supervisor or guide will host a Pre-submission Seminar. This seminar will be open to everyone. As part of this seminar, candidates will submit a report with suggestions for improvement, and the supervisor will ensure that all of these suggestions are incorporated into their final thesis.
  • Candidates must then incorporate all of the changes and provide a summary of their thesis to their supervisor or guide at least 45 days before submitting the thesis.
  • Finally, candidates must submit their thesis in both hard and soft copy. This thesis will be reviewed by external experts. If an expert suggests any changes to the research paper submitted by the candidate, he or she must resubmit a modified thesis.
  • Then, a viva-voce is held, in which candidates can openly defend their thesis and present their points of view to a panel of experts.
  • Candidates who complete all of these steps to perfection will only receive a PhD degree.
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Top Ranked PhD Colleges in India

Here are some of the top PhD colleges, along with their average fees, listed below:

QS India University Rankings College NameFees 
1Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)INR 58 K
2Indian Institute of ScienceINR 35 K
3Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD)INR 42 K
4Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM)INR 19 K
5Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT-KGP)INR 50 K
6Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK)INR 64 K
7University of DelhiINR 70 K 
8University of HyderabadINR 50 K
9Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR)INR 28 K
10Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG)INR 38 K

Note: The fees listed above are subject to change.

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Top Private PhD Colleges in India

There are various private colleges as well from where you can pursue your PhD. Some of the best private PhD colleges along with their PhD fees are given in the table below: 

PhD CollegesPhD Fees 
VITINR 53 K
Bombay College of PharmacyINR 1.50 LPA
Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher EducationINR 25 K
IFHE HyderabadINR 1.20 LPA
IIIT-BINR 1.07 LPA
Manipal Academy of Higher EducationINR 59 K
PRIST UniversityINR 30 K
DA-IICTINR 65 K
JRNRVUINR 30 K
BVIMSRINR 75 K

Note: The fees listed above are subject to change.

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Top Government PhD Colleges in India

Given below are some of the best PhD colleges in India to pursue your doctorate. The PhD fees for the particular college are also mentioned in the table below: 

PhD Colleges PhD Fees 
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)INR 58 K
Indian Institute of ScienceINR 35.20 K
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD)INR 42.90 K
Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM)INR 19.67 K
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT-KGP)INR 50 K
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK)INR 64.05 K
University of DelhiINR 10 K
University of HyderabadINR 8.98 K
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR)INR 28.50 K
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG)INR 18.15 K

Note: The fees listed above are subject to change.

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PhD Scholarships Offered

PhD students can apply for several types of PhD scholarships, including:

PhD Scholarships in India for Students

In India, there are numerous scholarships available for Indian students pursuing a PhD, offering financial assistance to ease the burden of funding their studies. Here are some notable scholarships:

  • Prime Minister Fellowship for Doctoral Research: This fellowship, supervised by the Central Government, provides financial support to meritorious students pursuing PhD courses. Recipients receive a monthly stipend of INR 70K.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund Scholarships: These merit-based scholarships support students pursuing doctoral programs in various fields such as Science, Sociology, and Philosophy, after completing their post-graduation. The scholarship is granted for a duration of 2 years and is available to candidates below the age of 35.
  • ICHR Junior Research Fellowships (JRF): Provided by the Indian Council of Historical Research, this scholarship is for students pursuing a PhD in Historical studies. It involves an entrance exam followed by an interview, and recipients typically receive a monthly amount ranging from INR 16.5 K to INR 17.6K for a period of 2 years.
  • Maulana Azad National Fellowship: This fellowship, offered by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, supports financially disadvantaged students pursuing research or doctorate courses. Eligible candidates must have a family income below INR 6 LPA and have completed their post-graduation. Scholars receive INR 28K per month for a duration of 5 years.
  • NCERT Doctoral Fellowship for PhD: National Council of Educational Research and Training offers this fellowship to meritorious students to cover expenses such as tuition fees, accommodation, books, and other charges. Eligibility criteria include qualifying entrance tests like the NET exam and being below the age of 35. The fellowship is provided for a duration of 3 years, with a monthly amount ranging from INR 23K - 25K.
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Sponsored PhD Programs

Students who want to be funded during their doctoral studies must pass the NET exam. Passing the NET Exam ensures a stipend from the Government of India, regardless of the university. After passing the NEET, the student receives INR 31K from the Central Government.

The following are some of the best PhD scholarships in India for students pursuing Doctor of Philosophy degrees:

Scholarship NameInstitution
Prime Minister’s Research Fellowship (PMRF)MHRD, Government of India
CSIR-UGC JRF FellowshipGovernment of India
DBT-JRF FellowshipGovernment of India
FITM – AYUSH Research Fellowships SchemeForum on Indian Traditional Medicine (FITM) and Ministry of Ayush
SAARC Agricultural PhD ScholarshipsSAAR Agricultural Centre
Swami Vivekananda Single Child Scholarship for Research in Social ScienceUGC
ESSO-NCESS Junior Research FellowshipESSO- National Centre for Earth Science Studies
Vision India Foundation (VIF) FellowshipVision India Foundation (VIF)
Burning Questions Fellowship AwardsTiny Beam Fund
Google PhD ScholarshipsGoogle
Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund ScholarshipsJawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund
ICHR Junior Research Fellowships (JRF)Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR)
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Career Options After PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Degree

PhD Philosophy graduates have a wide range of career options and higher-paying jobs as a result of the knowledge and experience they gained during their studies. Graduates of the PhD Philosophy programme can find work in a variety of fields, including research, education, literature, law, civil service, science analytics, and politics. Communications, publishing, and so on.

The most common PhD Philosophy job profiles pursued by graduates are research scientist and philosophy professor. PhD Philosophy graduates have job opportunities in both the private and public sectors. Top recruiters include IIT Patna, Mathworks, Archaeological Survey of India, Nalanda University, Election Commission of India, CNN, BBC, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, and others. These top companies hire such professionals and pay them an average salary of INR 10-20 LPA.

Some of the major job profiles associated with the course, along with the average salary, are as follows:

Job RoleJob ResponsibilitiesAverage Annual Salary 
Assistant ProfessorThey create curriculum plans for student learning, facilitate class discussions to ensure student engagement, offer academic counselling, keep student records, and grade student work.INR 10 LPA
CriticTo evaluate and rate work based on the work in front of them. It could be movies, books, magazines, or anything else.INR 7 LPA
Literature ResearcherConducting literature reviews, collecting and analysing data, and preparing materials for submission are among their primary responsibilities.INR 8 LPA
Novelist/WriterThe main task is to generate ideas and write them in a fresh and engaging manner, making philosophical content more readable and engaging to the audience.INR 9 LPA
Journalist/EditorJournalists conduct research, write, edit, proofread, and file news stories, features, and articles for broadcast on television, radio, and the internet, as well as for publication in magazines, journals, and newspapers.INR 10 LPA
Human Service WorkerClient services, including family support, are provided by social and human service assistants/workers in a variety of fields, including psychology, rehabilitation, and social work. They help other social workers and clients find benefits or services.INR 6 LPA

Note: The salary mentioned above is subject to change.

PhD Top Recruiters

Some of the top recruiters of PhDs in India are listed below.

  • Research Institutions: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) 
     
  •  IT Industry: Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys, and Wipro
     
  • Pharmaceutical Companies: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, and Cipla 
     
  • Financial Institutions: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and National Stock Exchange (NSE)
     
  • Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): NGOs working in areas like education, healthcare, environment, and social development may employ PhDs for research, program management, and advocacy positions

PhD Salary

In India, the average salary for a PhD graduate is between INR 5 and 10 LPA. This figure, however, may differ depending on a number of parameters, including a job description, years of experience, and the city of employment. A PhD graduate's pay is determined by a number of factors, some of which are within the student's control. Participating in internships and accumulating work experience may increase the probability of being paid more. 

Below is an approximate PhD salary range for various job profiles after completing a PhD degree:

Job ProfilesAverage Salary (per annum)
Assistant ProfessorINR 7.50 LPA
ProfessorINR 10 LPA
Associate ProfessorINR 10 LPA
ConsultantINR 9 LPA
Research AssistantINR 7.50 LPA

Note: The salary mentioned above is subject to change.

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What is an Online PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) Degree?

Online PhD degree is an advanced academic degree that can be earned online. It can be offered in full-time or part-time modes. Online PhD programs are flexible and convenient, especially for working professionals. They can help students gain advanced knowledge and specialized expertise to further their career. 

Online PhD programs typically require at least two years of study, and many set a completion deadline of 7-9 years. Students typically need to complete coursework, pass qualifying examinations, and write and defend an original dissertation. Online PhD programs can be more affordable than traditional PhD programs. Students can complete an online PhD in as little as three years, while traditional PhD programs can take up to eight years to complete. 

Some online doctoral programs offer a choice of two learning tracks. Students can take their time with the standard track, or speed through the program content with the accelerated option.

Furthermore, an online PhD is less expensive than a traditional PhD.

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FAQs about PhD

Can I pursue a PhD after completing my 12th grade?

To be eligible for a PhD programme, applicants must have a master's degree. Candidates may pursue a PhD programme in any discipline. In a PhD programme, students must choose a topic or subject, conduct extensive research on it, and respond to any questions that arise.
 

How can I get a PhD?

7 Steps to earn a PhD are listed below:

  1. Get a Bachelor's Degree
  2. Get a Master of Education degree
  3. Find whether a PhD or EdD is right for you
  4. Take the entrance exam and apply to Doctoral Programmes
  5. Finish the Doctorate Degree Programme Coursework
  6. Conclude and defend a dissertation

Is a PhD considered a doctor or not?

A doctoral degree (PhD) is obtained after obtaining a master's degree. A PhD confers the right to use the title doctor.
 

What is the duration of a PhD programme?

A PhD programme typically takes four to seven years, but this can vary depending on a number of factors. In certain disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, education, and mathematics, a PhD, or doctorate degree, is the highest level of degree you can obtain.
 

What career options are available after earning a PhD?

A PhD holder can work as a researcher, scientist, professor, journalist, independent consultant, human services worker, editor, critic, lecturer, and so on. A PhD holder can also apply for jobs in the finance, government, and other sectors.

Which are the best universities for pursuing a PhD?

Amity University in Noida and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai are two prominent universities that offer PhD degrees. Some of the other universities are:

  • Indian Institute of Science
  • Bangalore Institute of Genetic Engineering, Badu (Kolkata)
  • Chennai's KCG College of Technology
  • Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
  • Kolkata Institute of Technical and Professional Studies
  • New Delhi's Jamia Millia Islamia University
  • Indian Statistical Institute 
  • Chennai Mathematical Institute

What does a PhD entail?

PhD graduates may be able to work in other countries. If you have a PhD, any company will hire you because the PhD is currently the highest level of academic degree anyone can earn, and the companies see you as an expert in the subject.
 

Is it possible to get a PhD without a master's degree?

Yes, a PhD can be obtained without first earning a master's degree. A number of universities provide direct entry into PhD programmes for students with an undergraduate or bachelor's degree. In some cases, specific schools or programmes may prefer master's degree holders.

Is it possible to get a PhD without a master's degree?

Yes, a PhD can be obtained without first earning a master's degree. A number of universities provide direct entry into PhD programmes for students with an undergraduate or bachelor's degree. In some cases, specific schools or programmes may prefer master's degree holders.


 

How many hours per day do you commit to your PhD?

As a general rule, a full-time PhD will require 35 hours of work per week - the equivalent of a full-time, 9-5 job.

Is a PhD more challenging than a doctorate?

It is not simpler to earn a PhD than a doctorate. Both require effort and are different. It would be best to do some research on the subject you want to study. A doctorate degree examines an existing body of knowledge and theories developed by this knowledge, whereas a PhD requires years of original research.
 

Do PhD students receive funding?

The fact that you get paid for pursuing a PhD is one of its biggest benefits. A PhD stipend is a monthly payment made to students to help with living expenses, research costs, and housing costs. The cost that is covered by a PhD stipend varies depending on the organisation and degree.
 

What are the advantages of a PhD?

Having a PhD is a huge advantage. Don't let others baffle you. PhDs earn more money than non-PhDs and are in high demand. Trained professionals who understand how to create information rather than simply repackage it are desperately needed. Entrepreneurship and innovation are at record highs.
 

What is the most difficult aspect of a PhD?

Every PhD student will agree that the most difficult aspect of the degree is staying motivated. You begin a PhD because you are interested in a particular subject.
 

Can you be rejected from a PhD programme?

PhD applications are frequently rejected for a variety of reasons. This is not the desired outcome after all of your efforts. However, rejection is a normal part of the PhD application process.

What if you fail your PhD?

If you are not awarded a PhD, you may be awarded an MPhil instead. For this to happen, your work must be deemed worthy of an MPhil, as a Master's degree is still considered an advanced postgraduate research degree.

Is it worthwhile to pursue a PhD in anything?

A PhD can be detrimental to your finances, leave you in debt, and leave you with no clear path to success in certain fields. PhDs, on the other hand, earn more and have lower unemployment rates. A PhD also provides you with a world-class mind, a global network, and a skill set that can take you pretty much anywhere.
 

What does a PhD degree stand for?

A PhD degree stands for Doctor of Philosophy, which is regarded as the highest academic course level.

What does a PhD degree stand for?

A PhD degree stands for Doctor of Philosophy, which is regarded as the highest academic course level.

What are the requirements for PhD admission?

The requirements to get into a PhD program are a bachelor’s degree with at least a second-class grade and a master’s degree with high academic grades.

Which university is known as the best university in India?

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay University is known for best university and No.1 University in India.

Is there any age limit to do a PhD course?

There is no specific age limit for PhD courses. It can be pursued at any age but the candidate should satisfy the eligibility criteria.

How many years does it take to complete PhD?

 A doctorate or PhD degree generally lasts for 3 years. Candidates pursuing the program are given a maximum time of 5 to 6 years to complete their research. However, the duration of the PhD courses varies institute wise as well.

What jobs can a PhD get you?

PhD can get you jobs in universities, labs, government sectors, research institutes, and many more.

Do companies hire PhDs?

Yes, many companies prefer a PhD candidate for senior-level positions.

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