BA Sociology subjects and syllabus covers sociological theories, social interactions, etc. Sociology is the study of human societies and their institutions, communities, etc. This course is one of the most sought-after courses in the stream of Arts.
BA Sociology subjects and syllabus include topics such as social institutions, societies, cultures, social research methods, data collection, statistical analysis, positivism, functionalism, and population theories. BA Sociology is a 3 year undergraduate degree that explores human society, social behavior, institutions, and cultural dynamics. It covers topics like social structures, inequality, globalization, gender, crime, and urbanization. The course develops critical thinking, research, and analytical skills, preparing students for careers in social work, policy-making, education, media, and corporate sectors.
Graduates can work in NGOs, government agencies, or pursue higher studies in sociology, anthropology, or related fields. The degree fosters a deep understanding of societal issues, promoting social awareness and change. With interdisciplinary applications, BA Sociology is ideal for those interested in human interactions and societal development.
BA Sociology syllabus is comprehensive and spread across six semesters, covering key aspects of society. It explores human behavior, social life, relationships, and societal changes. Students can enroll in top BA Sociology colleges in India to gain in-depth knowledge of social issues like poverty and illiteracy, along with strategies for their eradication. The course equips students with an understanding of social work and its significance in today's world.
Graduates can pursue careers in diverse settings such as hospitals, clinics, counseling centers, mental health institutions, old age homes, prisons, and journalism. They can take up roles as field workers, volunteers, social workers, sociologists, program coordinators, teachers, project officers, rural development officers, and welfare officers. The average salary for a fresh BA Sociology graduate is around INR 3 LPA, depending on factors like skills, academics, and experience. This highlights the vast scope of BA Sociology.
The BA Sociology course syllabus is structured across six semesters. Initially, students are introduced to the fundamental principles of sociology, providing a foundational understanding of the subject. As the course progresses, students delve into topics such as social problems, anthropology, and India’s social movements. Some colleges and universities also include soft skills or skill-based subjects in the curriculum. The course is designed to prepare students for higher studies in sociology and related fields.
The BA Sociology course has several key objectives:
Below is a semester-wise breakdown of the Bachelor of Arts in Sociology syllabus. While course content may vary by institution, the core concepts remain consistent across colleges offering a BA in Sociology.
BA Sociology Syllabus Semester 1 | |
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Principles of Sociology I | Indian Society |
Social Psychology | Skill-based subject (Elective) |
BA Sociology Syllabus Semester 2 | |
Principles of Sociology - II | Social problems in India |
Social Anthropology | Skill-based subject (Elective) |
BA Sociology Syllabus Semester 3 | |
Classical Social Thinkers I | Social Movements in India |
Social Demography | Soft Skills - III |
Environmental Studies | |
BA Sociology Syllabus Semester 4 | |
Classical Social Thinkers II | Research Methodology and Statistics |
Political Sociology | Soft Skills - III |
Environmental Studies | |
BA Sociology Syllabus Semester 5 | |
Rural Sociology | Urban Sociology |
Industrial Sociology | Sociology of Development |
Value Education | |
BA Sociology Syllabus Semester 6 | |
Medical Sociology | Media, Society and Communication |
Project | Extension Activities |
A Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Sociology typically includes a mix of core subjects, electives, and interdisciplinary courses. The core subjects focus on sociological theories, research methods, and the study of social institutions, structures, and change.
Subject Name | Details |
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Introduction to Sociology | Basics of sociology, key concepts, and perspectives. |
Sociological Theories | Classical and contemporary sociological thinkers (Marx, Durkheim, Weber, etc.). |
Research Methods in Sociology | Qualitative and quantitative research techniques. |
Social Institutions | Family, education, religion, economy, politics, and their impact on society. |
Indian Society & Social Structure | Caste, class, gender, rural and urban sociology in India. |
Social Change and Development | Modernization, globalization, and social movements. |
Gender and Society | Feminism, gender roles, and inequalities. |
Urban and Rural Sociology | Patterns of urbanization and rural development. |
Sociology of Religion | Role of religion in society and secularism. |
Sociology of Deviance and Crime | Theories of crime, deviant behavior, and law enforcement. |
Political Sociology | Power structures, governance, and state policies. |
Economic Sociology | Relationship between society and economic systems. |
Environmental Sociology | Society’s interaction with the environment and sustainability. |
Medical Sociology | Healthcare systems, illness, and medical practices in society. |
BA Sociology optional subjects are introduced to provide students with a broader perspective on various aspects of sociology. These subjects offer a deeper understanding of key sociological themes and complement the core curriculum. They help students explore allied topics, enhancing their overall grasp of the discipline. Without studying these optional subjects, a complete understanding of sociology remains incomplete.
One of the key benefits of these optional subjects is that they strengthen analytical skills, expand knowledge, and enhance the ability to identify crucial sociological concepts. Like compulsory subjects, optional subjects may vary based on the specific syllabus structure followed by different colleges and institutions. Below is a list of BA Sociology optional subjects:
Sociology of Development | Economic Sociology |
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Women Studies | Sociology of Education |
Sociology of Indian Society | Social Anthropology |
BA Sociology subjects encompass various academic disciplines related to sociology, aiming to develop sociological imagination and awareness of social issues. The syllabus includes both core and elective papers, with core subjects taught across multiple semesters, while electives are introduced later.
Additionally, the BA Sociology curriculum often incorporates projects and, in some institutions, skill-based subjects to enhance practical learning. The specific syllabus and subject list may vary across universities.
By studying these subjects, students gain a deeper understanding of sociology and its influence on society. Below is a list of subjects covered in the BA Sociology course:
Individual and Society | Collective Behaviour |
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Social Institutions | Personality and Culture |
Groups | Leadership |
Socialisation | Public Propaganda, Public Opinion |
Marriage and Family | Social Change |
Caste and Class in India | Social Mobility |
Social Change in India | Social Processes |
Roots of Hindu Social Organisation | Social Control |
Poverty and Unemployment | Crime and Delinquency |
Terrorism | Economic Organisation |
Problems of Women and Children | Political Organisation |
Religion | Socio-Religious National Movement |
Social Reform Movements | Tribal Movements |
New Social Movements | Population Theories |
Population Programmes and Policies | Sources of Population Data |
Several universities in India offer BA Sociology courses through the Open Distance Learning (ODL) mode. This mode provides students with an in-depth understanding of sociology while allowing them to study at their own pace. One of the key advantages of distance learning is flexibility, as students can complete the three-year course within a maximum duration of six years.
The study materials and syllabus are structured to align with the features of distance education, ensuring a comprehensive learning experience. However, the syllabus structure may vary across universities offering the course through distance mode.
The BA Sociology distance education syllabus includes core subjects, specific electives, generic electives, and skill enhancement subjects, as outlined below:
Core Topics | Specific Elective Topics |
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Introduction to Sociology | Tribal Cultures of India |
Sociology of India | Environmental Sociology |
Political Sociology | Indian Sociological Traditions |
Sociology of Gender | Ethnographies |
Sociology of Religion | Visual Anthropology |
Social Stratification | Urban Sociology |
Sociology of Kinship | - |
Sociological Research Methods | - |
Skill Enhancement Subjects | Generic Electives |
Tourism Anthropology | Disaster Management |
Public Health and Epidemiology | Sustainable Development |
Ability Enhancement Core Papers | |
Environmental Studies | |
English Communication skills |
Also Read: List of CUET 2025 Subjects for BA English Literature
There are some colleges that offer BA Sociology admission through entrance exams. These colleges want to test the students’ potential and basic understanding level of the subjects. The popular entrance exam for the BA Sociology course is CUET UG etc. Exams like CUET Sociology contain objective-type questions. It is a computer-based test conducted by NTA once a year. Mentioned below is the BA Sociology syllabus for the CUET Exam:
BA Sociology Entrance Exam Syllabus 2025 | |
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Structure of Indian Society | Social Change and the Polity |
Social Institutions: Continuity and Change | Social Change and the Economy |
Social Inequality and Exclusion | Arenas of Social Change |
The Challenges of Unity in Diversity | New Arenas of Social Change |
Process of Social Changes in India | Social Movements |
BA Sociology books are extremely important for completing the course. We have listed some of the most important BA sociology books that can be used as a course guide.
Text Books | Reference Books |
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The Principles of Sociology by Franklin Henry | Sociology- An Introduction by Gelles J. Richard, Ann Levine |
Social Problems in India by Bhattacharya, S.K | Reconceptualising Caste, Class & Tribe Sharma by K.L |
An Introduction to Social Anthropology by Jha, Makhan | Poverty Alleviation and Housing Problem by Kohli and Sharma |
Introduction to Anthropology by Beals, R, & Haijer | Poverty and Underdevelopment by Attachand |
Introduction to Social Anthropology by Majumdar, D.N. & T.N. Madan | Cultural Anthropology by Richney. H. Crapo |
An Introduction to Social Anthropology by Lucy, Mair | Classical Social Theory by Craib, Ian |
Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical & Social Context by Coser, Lewis. A | Introduction to History of Sociology by Barnes, H.E |
The Making of Sociology by Fletcher, Ronald | Population Theories and Demographic Analyses by Ghosh B.N |
Social Movements in India by Rao M.S.A | Methodology for population studies and development by Mahadevan and P.Krishnan |
The Sociology of Social Movements by Banks, J.A | Social Demography by Ford. T.P. and D’ Jong G.F |
Social Background of Indian Nationalism by Desai, A.P | Sociological Theory and Social Structure by Merton, Robert K |
From Untouchable Dalit: Essays on The Ambedkar Movement by Selliot, Elmer | Sociological Theory: Its Nature and Growth by Timasheff, Nicholas |
Principles of Population Studies by Bhende, Asha. A and Tara Kanitkar | Political Sociology by Ali Ashraf and Sharma B.N. |
Fundamentals of Demography by Hans Dr. RajBA Sociology Course Structure | Political Sociology by Bhattacharyya. D.C |
Also Read: Top 10 Career Options after BA Course: Salary, Job Roles, Recruiters
The BA Sociology course is broadly categorised into core and elective subjects. The curriculum emphasizes practical learning through social campaigns, guest lectures by eminent scholars from India and abroad, and interactive group discussions that create an engaging and open learning environment.
After completing 12th grade, the BA Sociology course structure includes:
Sociology projects are carefully designed to provide an engaging learning experience for students from both humanities and science backgrounds. These projects prepare students for higher studies while addressing real-world social challenges. They offer a dynamic platform for personal and academic growth.
Popular sociology project topics include:
These projects help students analyse social issues more effectively and explore potential solutions, equipping them with critical problem-solving skills.
Also Read: Top BA Colleges in India 2025
After completing a BA in Sociology, students can pursue higher studies like MA Sociology, MSW, MBA, or research programs. Career options include social work, human resources, journalism, public policy, education, and NGOs. Jobs in government, counseling, and market research are also viable. Competitive exams offer administrative career opportunities.
Yes, BA Sociology offers a promising future with diverse career opportunities in social work, education, public policy, human resources, journalism, and research. It also prepares students for competitive exams and higher studies. The degree enhances critical thinking, analytical skills, and social awareness, making it valuable in various professional fields.
The BA Sociology program typically consists of 12–16 core papers, 4–6 elective papers, and 2–4 skill enhancement papers, depending on the university. Some programs also include a project or dissertation. The total number of papers varies across institutions, but most courses follow a six-semester structure over three years.
Failing in BA Sociology isn’t the end—you can reappear for exams, apply for re-evaluation, or improve study strategies. Many universities offer supplementary exams. You can also explore skill-based courses or switch to a related field. Stay motivated, seek guidance, and use failure as a learning opportunity for growth.
A good percentage in BA Sociology is 60% and above, as it ensures decent job and higher study opportunities. 70%+ (Distinction) is excellent for competitive exams and research programs, while 80–90% boosts chances for scholarships and top university admissions. Higher scores enhance career prospects and academic growth.
Yes, you can pursue UPSC after a BA in Sociology. Sociology is a popular optional subject for the UPSC Civil Services Exam due to its high-scoring nature and relevance to governance and society. Strong analytical skills and social awareness from your degree will help in UPSC preparation.
The first year of BA Sociology is generally not very tough, as it introduces basic concepts like social structures, institutions, and cultural dynamics. With regular study, interest, and understanding, it becomes manageable. However, developing analytical and writing skills is essential to grasp theoretical concepts effectively and score well.
In the first year of BA Sociology, subjects typically include Introduction to Sociology, Social Institutions, Indian Society, Sociological Theories, Social Change, and Research Methods. Some universities may also include skill enhancement subjects like Communication Skills or Data Analysis. The syllabus may vary across different colleges and universities.
Admission to BA Sociology is usually merit-based, but some universities require entrance exams. Common entrance tests include CUET, IPU CET, JNUEE, PUBDET, and NPAT. These assess general knowledge, reasoning, and language skills. Eligibility and exam requirements vary by institution, so checking specific college admission criteria is essential.
No, Mathematics is not necessary in the 12th class for pursuing a BA in Sociology. Most universities accept students from any stream (Arts, Commerce, or Science) as long as they meet the eligibility criteria. However, some aspects of sociology, like research methods and statistics, may involve basic mathematical concepts.
The average placement package for BA Sociology graduates in India ranges from INR 2.5 LPA to INR 5 LPA, depending on skills, experience, and job role. Higher salaries are offered in sectors like HR, research, public policy, and NGOs. Advanced degrees and experience can significantly increase earning potential over time.
The average course fee for BA Sociology in India ranges from INR 5,000 to INR 1,50,000 per year, depending on the university. Government colleges usually have lower fees (INR 5,000–INR 30,000 per year), while private institutions charge higher (INR 50,000–INR 1,50,000 per year). Fees vary based on location, facilities, and university reputation.
Top colleges for BA Sociology in India include Delhi University, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Presidency University, Loyola College, Christ University, Banaras Hindu University, Jamia Millia Islamia, and St. Xavier’s College. These institutions offer excellent faculty, research opportunities, and career prospects for sociology graduates. Admission is based on merit or entrance exams.