MBA in Airline and Airport Management, short for Master of Business Administration in Airline and Airport Management, is one of the top-rated MBA courses. Like other MBA specializations, it is a two-year postgraduate program that can be pursued by students after having completed their undergraduate program.
MBA in Airline and Airport Management is primarily a management course, and deals with the effective application of business and management concepts to the growth, development, monitoring, and controlling of the aviation industry. Students can apply for the program offered by Indian business schools after clearing entrance exams like CAT, NMAT by GMAC, MAT, or GMAT. The course is generally offered over a duration of two years as a full-time degree. However, part-time courses are also available, which students need to finish within four years at most.
Students can use MBA in Airline and Airport Management to build a successful career in top managerial positions in the aviation industry, in both government and private sectors. The best colleges to study the course include names like IIMs, D Y Patil University, and Amity University. While the course at government institutes shall cost around INR 6,00,000-15,00,000, in private institutions it can easily cost up to INR 32,00,000 in total. Read further to know more about the MBA in Airline and Airport Management course.
The following table summarises the main characteristics of the MBA Airline and Airport Management course in India:
Particulars | Details |
---|---|
Full Name | Master of Business Administration in Airline and Airport Management |
Short Name | MBA Airline and Airport Management |
Degree Level | Master’s/Postgraduate |
Stream | Business and Management |
Exam Type | Semester |
Types of Course | Full-time and Part-time |
Duration | 2 years |
Minimum Qualification Required | Undergraduate Degree |
Entrance Exam | CAT, MAT, GMAT, RMAT, XAT |
Average Annual Course Fees | INR 3,10,000-15,30,000 |
Top MBA Fashion Management Colleges | Indian Institute of Management, Amity University, Hindustan Institute of Technology, D Y Patil University, Galgotias University |
Career Opportunities | Airspace Manager, Business Analyst, Business Strategist, International Marketing Manager, Airport Manager, Entrepreneur |
Top Recruiting Companies | Airport Authority of India, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Air India, Indigo, Air Asia, Spice Jet, etc. |
Average Annual Starting Salary | INR 12,00,000-25,00,000 |
Airline and Airport Management, as an MBA specialization, can help students unlock a lot of benefits. It is not only related to a famed and elite sector but also has reachability that is rarely achieved by other industries. With time, the role of the aviation industry becomes more important and so does the scope of jobs and workforce hiring. Here are some of the major reasons why students should opt for an MBA in Airline and Airport Management:
While students might not have heard its name being spoken as commonly as MBA in Human Resource Management or Marketing, it enjoys the same demand as them. It is among the most economical and top specializations of the MBA course.
While the course is economical, it is not easily accessible. It takes prior knowledge and passion to work in the aviation industry to pursue an MBA in Airline and Airport Management. In addition to being technical, it is also a high-responsibility course. All these factors contribute to the course being slightly more exclusive and unconventional than its popular peer specializations.
Even if the graduates end up working in the ground forces of the aviation industry, the exposure is undeniable. Airports tend to be the check posts of national, state, and city boundaries. Hence, managerial employees have to deal with and make the most of the global opportunities available, allowing them to interact with international communities, cultures, and trends.
There are certain industries that not only allow a lot of income but manage to include their workforce in the profits as well. After graduating with an MBA in Airline and Airport Management degree, students could apply for managerial positions which are again known as financially uplifting. This results in many high-paying job profiles being available for graduates.
The scope of growth in the aviation industry is directly linked with international cooperation and globalization. Since the current century is heavily dependent on the two for growth and development, it leaves the industry and graduates with ample opportunities to drive strategies of expansion and profits.
One of the most prognosticated MBA programmes after a bachelor's degree is the one in the aviation industry, especially owing to its lucrativeness. MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses are offered to prospective students in all three modes of learning: full-time, part-time and online/distance schooling. Details are discussed below:
The full-time MBA course is for two years and management students must attend in-person classes, submit regular assignments, and take semester-wise offline exams on campus. They must also present projects and perform practicals as part of the MBA in Airline and Airport Management course curriculum. Students who enrol in a full-time study gain practical experience in the subject as well as in-depth learning through actively engaging with their instructors and other students.
For students who cannot commit to the full-time programme or who are working in their professions full-time, there is a part-time MBA in Airline and Airport Management course available. A part-time course can consist of flexible weekly or online classes, depending on the course type and specialisation. The part-time programme lasts two to four years at most.
Similar to the part-time course, distance/online MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses may last up to four years and can be pursued from anywhere. This course is designed for students or researchers who are working professionals and who cannot attend full-time or even part-time courses. Colleges like Himalayan University, NIMS University, Kalinga University, Jaipur National University, Subharti University, Madurai Kamaraj University, etc provide this course.
The entrance exams for all MBA specializations are mostly common. While the entrance exam score of exams conducted by the All India Management Association (AIMA) is accepted at all the colleges and universities offering MBA and postgraduate management courses, various colleges conduct their own institutional exams as well.
Apart from AIMA, state-level authorities also conduct exams for admission to state-owned universities for postgraduate management and MBA courses. Some of the entrance examinations which students can attempt to apply for admission to MBA Airline and Airport Management courses are:
Similar to entrance exams, the eligibility criteria for MBA courses are also majorly uniform. Almost all the specializations, including Airline and Airport Management, follow the same basic criteria for admission. The only possible difference is the undergraduate aggregate score requirement.
Apart from being uniform the eligibility criteria for MBA and its specializations are also not extensive and quite simple to follow for the majority of applicants. The uniformity and simplicity of the eligibility criteria are to ensure that prestigious higher education courses like MBA remain accessible to all.
The eligibility criteria which students can expect from their chosen colleges to bear upon them for admission to MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses are as follows:
The only criteria used in the MBA in Airport Management admission process are those set forth by a particular university. Commonly, either a management quota or a merit quota is used to select students for admission. The cutoff score—a total of the undergraduate percentile and entrance exam results—determines whether admission is made through a merit quota. The number of seats in the management quota is extremely restricted, and students are obliged to pay specific capitation fees.
How to Apply for the MBA in Airline and Airport Management Course?
The course has both online and offline applications available to prospective students. They can apply for the course and submit the required documents online through the official website of their preferred university. To apply offline, students can visit the college campus and complete the application process by providing the required documents.
What are the Selection Criteria?
The college holds various exams or rounds, such as WAT, GD, and PI, for students who have been shortlisted. However, these examinations or rounds may also be taken online. After the selection rounds are completed, one can move forward for admission confirmation.
Students who are interested in the MBA in Airport management course have a variety of top colleges to choose from. However, a candidate must weigh the pros and cons of the programme specialisation they are considering opting for. Based on NIRF's rankings, the following are the popular MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in India:
Institute Name | NIRF Ranking |
---|---|
IIM Ahmedabad | 1 |
IIM Bangalore | 2 |
IIM Calcutta | 3 |
IIM Lucknow | 4 |
IIT Kharagpur | 5 |
IIM Kozhikode | 6 |
IIM Indore | 7 |
IIT Delhi | 8 |
XLRI Jamshedpur | 9 |
MDI Gurugram | 10 |
Depending on the foreign institution a student attends and the discipline they will be opting for, studying for an MBA in Airline and Airport Management abroad can signify many different things. Some b-schools concentrate on preparing students to become commercial pilots, while others are more interested in teaching them how to manage an airport, an airline, or the air traffic network.
Pursuing an MBA in Airline and Airport Management abroad is an incredible tool to support aspirants in fulfilling their ambition of working with aircraft. It can help them stand out from the crowd by demonstrating to potential employers that they are open to experiencing new things and stepping outside of their comfort zone.
The duration of the course varies slightly depending on the type of specialisation, country, institution, and curriculum. The benefits of pursuing an MBA in Airline and Airport Management course abroad include having access to an array of the best facilities, resources, and faculties, as well as exposure to a slew of topics and cultures around the world.
The following table highlights some top colleges to study MBA Fashion Management Abroad along with their respective country:
University Name | Country |
---|---|
Aubrun University | USA |
Centennial College | Canada |
Conestoga College | Canada |
Coventry University | UK |
Florida International University | USA |
George Brown College | Canada |
Griffith University | Australia |
ICMS Sydney | Australia |
Lynn University | USA |
Oklahoma City University | USA |
St Clair College | Canada |
University College of Birmingham | UK |
University of Central Florida | USA |
University of Greenwich | UK |
University of Queensland | Australia |
University of South Australia | Australia |
University of Technology Sydney | Australia |
University of West of England | UK |
University of Central Lancashire | UK |
Management students have a wide range of options when it comes to selecting the best b-school or institute that suits their professional needs, interests, and future employment prospects. The following is a discussion of some state-wise top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in India.
The following are the three top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Kerela:
Institute Name | Location |
---|---|
Kairos Institute | Thodupuzha |
Aimfill International | Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode |
Volks Aviation Academy | Kochi |
The following are the three top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Tamil Nadu:
Institute Name | Location |
---|---|
Hindustan University | Chennai |
Anna University | Coimbatore |
Remo International College of Aviation, Guindy | Chennai |
The following are the three top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Maharashtra:
Institute Name | Location |
---|---|
Global Aviation Academy | Mumbai |
Institute of Logistics and Aviation Management (ILAM) | Pune |
Padmashree Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth | Navi Mumbai |
The following are the three top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Delhi NCR:
Institute Name | Location |
---|---|
Institute of Logistics and Aviation Management (ILAM) | New Delhi |
Trade Wings Institute Of Management | Delhi |
TMI Academy Of Travel Tourism & Aviation Studies | New Delhi |
MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses are offered by various prestigious b-schools in India. Some of the top businesses or companies in the aviation industry also offer internships as part of the course curriculum to incorporate students with practical on-field experience. The following is a discussion of some city-wise top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in the country.
The following are the five top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Mumbai:
The following are the four top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Chennai:
The following are the four top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Pune:
The following are the five top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Delhi NCR region:
The following are the four top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Bangalore:
The following are the four top MBA in Airline and Airport Management colleges in Ahemdabad:
Multiple factors do affect the MBA in Airline and Airport Management course fees like the type of institute (whether government or private), infrastructure, research opportunities, other facilities, etc. However, a student may expect to spend a minimum of INR 1,50,000 to INR 26,00,000 Lakh annually. Although government institutes are quite pocket-friendly, private or public colleges like IIMs are very expensive. The following table summarises a list of b-schools along with their average annual fee charged:
Institute Name | Average Annual Fees (in INR) |
---|---|
Adventure Flight Education | 4 lakh |
Agragami Group Of Institution | 2.53 lakh |
Aimfill International | 2.16 lakh |
Air Carnival Aviation Academy | 2.96 lakh |
Fighter Wings Aviation Academy | 2 lakh |
Hindustan School of Management | 1.54 lakh |
Hindustan University | 4.53 lakh |
IIKM Business School | 2.50 lakh |
IIKM Business School | 4.85 lakh |
IIM Ahmedabad | 24.67 lakh |
IIM Bangalore | 24.5 lakh |
IIM Calcutta | 27 lakh |
IIM Indore | 20.63 lakh |
IIM Kozhikode | 19 lakh |
IIM Lucknow | 19.25 lakh |
IIT Delhi | 16.2 lakh |
IIT Kharagpur | 18.72 lakh |
Institute of Logistics & Aviation Management | 3.53 lakh |
Institute of Logistics and Aviation Management | 1.80 lakh |
Kasturi Institute of Management Studies | 4 lakh |
MDI Gurugram | 12.8 lakh |
National College of Aviation | 2 lakh |
Nehru College of Aeronautics & Applied Sciences | 1.5 lakh |
Nehru College of Aeronautics and Applied Sciences (NCAAS) | 3.30 lakh |
Remo International College of Aviation | 1.5 lakh |
School of Management, D Y Patil University | 3.95 lakh |
SCM Hub International Business School | 1.75 lakh |
SJES College of Management Studies, Microsoft IT Academy | 2.80 lakh |
Vinayaka Missions University | 2.16 lakh |
XLRI Jamshedpur | 25.8 lakh |
Students will find that the syllabus followed by the various Indian universities and colleges for MBA in Airline and Airport Management is the same. While there may be a difference in subject combinations or names, the overall syllabus remains uniform. This is applicable not only to the course syllabus but also to the semester syllabus. Hence, students can expect all institutions to cover the same topics and subjects during a semester. Here is the semester-wise syllabus of the MBA in Airline and Airport Management course in India:
Management Principles and Practice | Organizational Behaviours | Managerial Economics |
---|---|---|
Financial and Management Accounting | Quantitative Methods of Management | Corporate Communication |
Computer Applications in Management Using SAP |
Operations Management | Marketing Management | Financial Management |
---|---|---|
Human Resource Management | Quantitative Techniques | Research Methods of Management |
Computer Applications in Management Using SAP |
Business Ethics and Global Business Environment | Management Information System | Airline and Airport Operations |
---|---|---|
Strategic Airport Planning and Marketing | Air Traffic Control | Aircraft Maintenance Management |
Project Work |
Strategic Management - Indian Global Context | Airline Marketing and Strategic Airline Alliances | Aviation Safety and Security | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aviation Legal Environment | Aviation Resource Management |
The MBA in Airline and Airport Management course curriculum is designed to provide candidates with specialised knowledge and training in areas like ground handling, cargo, medical tourism, fleet management, crew scheduling, airport staff and security, customer service, and ticketing in the aviation sector. To ensure that airports function well when necessary, for instance, potential airline and airport managers are also instructed on subjects including financial management, cargo management, and airport operations management.
The course curriculum for MBA in Airline and Airport Management blends in-class instruction with hands-on experience to produce students who are in demand from potential employers. To execute the crucial tasks associated with the aviation business, airlines and airport management organisations need staff who have received the necessary training. Because of this, great care is taken to ensure that students are given all the information they need, from basic concepts to advanced training and professional competence. Furthermore, students can choose their specialisation or elective subjects based on their interests. Since students have to submit internship files at the end of the final year, they can work in organisations/companies while studying. The following pointers detail the course curriculum for MBA in Airline and Airport Management:
Career opportunities are increasing in the sector of Airline and Airport Management sectors for MBA graduates in the same field. Private airlines recruit MBA graduates from this specialization for their top managerial roles to be ahead in the business. Civil Aviation is a huge business and it must hold the hand of someone thoroughly trained and skilled in the matter. Some of the top companies which hire an MBA in Airline and Airport Management graduates. Some of the top recruiters include IndiGo, Go Air, Air India, Vistara, Air Asia, Spicejet, etc.
Some of the positions for the MBA graduate in Airline and Airport Management are:
Airport Manager
Market Research Analyst
Business Development Executive
Zonal Business Manager
Business System Analyst
Client Service Executive
Airport Ground Staff
Airport Representative
The job prospects for MBA in Airline and Airport Management are growing rapidly. A fresher’s salary in this sector can start from 5 lakh per annum to the highest of 15 lakh per annum generally.
An MBA in Airline and Airport Management graduate with one to four years of experience is often provided with a salary of up to INR 4 to 10 lakh per year. For an individual with higher job experience, the remuneration rises to INR 9 to 10 lakh annually. The table below gives an idea of the salary range for an MBA in Airline and Airport Management graduate:
Job Role | Job Description | Estimated Average Annual Salary (in INR) |
---|---|---|
Airline Customer Agent | By managing information requests, aircraft preparation, ticketing, reservations, passenger check-in, luggage check-in, and decision making for all Advanced Airlines passengers and potential passengers/guests, they are in charge of delivering exemplary customer service. |
4.4 Lakhs |
Airport Manager | For airports, they are in charge of making decisions and setting policies. They oversee the operation of each airport department and create jobs, which makes this multifaceted position essential to aviation safety. |
6 Lakhs |
Cargo Manager | They are in charge of supervising the conception, implementation, and expansion of the Project Cargo Product within the sphere of influence. |
5.2 Lakhs |
Ground Staff Manager | Their primary duty is to make sure that passengers are safe and comfortable, which includes offering the service, checking in luggage, providing information, helping those with disabilities, and verifying reservations. |
9 Lakhs |
Tour Coordinator | The booking agents, managers, and publicists work together to coordinate the venues, dates, and times of the tours. Additionally, they arrange accommodations, timetables, and transportation services for the staff members. |
4 Lakhs |
There will always be a need for the aviation industry. The most popular mode of transportation will always be air travel, and the aviation industry continues to require professional people. Different career roles require different capabilities, which the student must gain while pursuing the course or over time.
Graduates of the MBA in Airline and Airport Management course need a variety of complex and soft skills to succeed in the workplace. These traits cannot always be taught in a course curriculum or classroom. These are skills that can only be learned through consistent practice. Students should therefore make every effort to broaden their perspectives and acquire as much experience as they can via internships or on-field experience. The following are a few skills required to be the best MBA in Airline and Airport Management graduate:
MBA in Airline and Airport Management is all about cultivating a student’s ability to apply managerial abilities to the exponential rise of operational and financial airline travel. It is a two-year postgraduate business administration programme with a focus on airline and airline management that instructs students on airport operations, services, finances and traffic management. The course also equips students to undertake new managerial and technical responsibilities in the management of airport and airline transportation.
There are various career options after MBA in Airline and Airport Management course completing. Students can explore a wide range of fields, such as Banking, Administration, Tourism, Aviation, Travel, Export Companies, the Economic Retailing Sector, Industries, Airports, and colleges/universities. The following are some of the most respected job positions in this field with high salaries:
Zonal Business Manager
Customer Care Executive
Business System Analyst
Business Development Executive
Airport Representative
Airport Manager
The goal of the MBA in Airport Management is to promote discussion and the dissemination of knowledge about the financial, operational and marketing elements of the airline industry. The following is a list of some considerations hopefuls should make when choosing an MBA programme in airport management:
It is for those who desire to advance in the aviation sector.
After working in the industry for at least a year, candidates can enrol in the course to sharpen and develop their airport management skills.
There are many best reference books for an MBA in Airline and Airport Management available for students to broaden their understanding of the field. The following are some of them:
Managing Airports: An International Perspective by author Anne Graham
Airport Planning and Management, Seventh Edition by authors Alexander T Wells & Seth Young
Airport Management by authors Richard N Steele & C Daniel Prather
Well-equipped tools, elaborated study materials, advanced technologies, freedom to undertake independent study, etc. are the teaching methodologies and techniques used in MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses. As students must submit internship files at the end of the final year, they can work in different companies or organisations while studying. The course prepares students for airline management problems by exposing them to find innovative and feasible solutions. Here are a few teaching methodologies and techniques used:
Case Study
Demonstration
Drill Practice
Field Trips
Lecture
Observation, etc.
With an MBA in Airline and Airport Management, students will have access to a vast array of lucrative employment opportunities. As airport managers, MBA graduates can work in various industries and organisations in India as well as abroad. The following are the top recruiters for MBA in Airline and Airport Management course graduates:
American Express
Blue Dart Express
Forbes Marshall
Intel Technology
MakeMyTrip
Marriott Hotels
NTPC
Ujjivan Financial Services, etc.
Yes, projects are compulsory for MBA in Airline and Airport Management course at the end of the final year. The airport management project requires the cooperation of many procedures, technologies, and objectives of a variety of companies that can only be acquired through performing projects and getting desired outputs. Some popular project topics for this course include:
Airline Financial Reporting and Financial Statement Analysis
Airport Total Quality Management and Human Resources
Public Policy and Transportation Regulation
Quality Control in Cargo Operations
Yes, there are elective subjects for MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses which students can choose as per their interest. The following are the optional or elective subjects for this course:
Strategic Management
International Business Management
Entrepreneurship Development
Business Application Software
Aviation Safety Management & Accident Investigation
Aviation Law, etc.
The core subjects for MBA in Airline and Airport Management are the ones which students must study for their first year i.e., Semesters I & II. The following are the required or core subjects for this course:
Economic Analysis for Business Decisions
Data Analytics for Business Decisions
Airline Operation and Scheduling
Airline Marketing Management
Airline Finance
Airline and Airport Management, etc.
Yes, a distance/online MBA in Airline and Airport Management course is available for students who are unable to attend full-time regular or on-campus classes. This course is designed for students or researchers who are working professionals and who cannot attend full-time or even part-time courses. Colleges like Himalayan University, NIMS University, Kalinga University, Jaipur National University, Subharti University, Madurai Kamaraj University, etc provide this course.
The duration of the course MBA in Airline and Airport Management is two years. It is a course that is best studied as a full-time degree, however, there are also available part-time courses. You can complete your part-time courses within four years, which is the maximum time allowed for it. Apart from part-time courses, there are certain online and distance learning courses also available, though they are as famous as on-campus courses.
MBA Airline and Airport Management itself is a specialisation course of MBA. Hence, there is no sub-specialised course available for it. However, other MBA specialisations which could be related to it include Quantitative Techniques, Finance, Global Business Operations, Textile Management, and SAP Business.
The average fee for MBA in Airline and Airport Management is INR 10,00,000 per year. The course fee is highly variable among Indian colleges and universities. It is especially varied between government and private colleges. Even among IIMs, while certain branches charge a course fee of around INR 6,20,000, others charge up to INR 12,50,000.
There are many colleges in India that offer MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses. Some of them are the National Institute of Industrial Engineering (Mumbai), the Indian Institute of Management (Bangalore), the Institute of Management Technology (Ghaziabad), the Indian Institute of Management (Kolkata), and the Faculty of Management Studies (Delhi). You can explore more about these colleges on our website.
Yes, you do need to clear entrance exams to get admission to an MBA in Airline and Airport Management course. Entrance exams are an important part of the MBA admission process. If you wish to pursue any MBA specialisation you need to clear the same. Some of the top entrance exams are CAT, XAT, CMAT, GMAT, etc.
MBA Airline and Airport Management is a postgraduate programme and a specialisation under an MBA degree. It is a high-demand course designed to study how the concepts of business administration and management can be used for the benefit of the aviation industry. The course makes optimum use of management’s dynamic nature to help the aviation industry grow and expand into its best format.
Although often considered the same, there is a huge difference between MBA in Aviation and MBA in Airline and Airport Management. The former deals with using the business and management concept for the growth of aviation’s scope. Hence, it deals beyond the scope of industrial operations and is often involved in research and development processes.
No, you do not need a B.Tech degree to apply for MBA in Airline and Airport Management course. Although you might have to study certain concepts, such as statistics, mathematics, and aviation concepts, which involve selected parts of engineering, you do not necessarily need a background in engineering. Nonetheless, B.Tech students will find it easier to cope with the study material.
No, distance learning MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses may not be good for you. The course syllabus involves some of the most complicated concepts and subjects. While distance learning has become a lot more advanced than simple video recordings, it is better to pursue this specialization as a full-time on-campus course.
No, IITs do not provide MBA in Airline and Airport Management courses. While the Indian Institute of Technology branches which have B.Tech in Aviation courses do offer MBA in Aviation as well, but not in Airline and Airport Management. Though you can apply for Aviation Management courses with them, you must expect the admission process to be highly competitive and tough.
The course aims of an MBA in Airline and Airport Management involve the growth and development of airline companies and airports while following the rules and regulations applicable to their operations. For instance, all the airlines and airports which are operating in India need to conform to the rules and regulations of the Airport Authority of India and the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
The skills required for an MBA in Airline and Airport Management graduate to become successful are patience, vision, leadership, passion, hard work, and a high regard for rules. All the collateral skills, such as critical thinking, are also similarly important. These skills are in addition to the hard skills or the professional skills of the job profile that a graduate is applying for, or is employed in.
There is no particular best job profile to apply for after graduating with MBA in Airline and Airport Management. Yet, in terms of growth and economic success, an Airport Manager or a high managerial position in an Airline company, has been known to be the best. It is easier to reap the gains along with the industry and your employer when you are in such positions, however, the responsibilities of these positions are also heavy and risky.
In order to elevate your chances of getting a higher salary after completing your MBA in Airline and Airport Management, you must make efforts in upskilling yourself during the course study. You must make use of additional information and internships to enhance your chances of getting a good job position after graduation. It will automatically result in a good salary as well.
Yes, you can study MBA in Airline and Airport Management abroad as well. You can apply to some of the top business schools abroad which are offering the course. Some of these are Middlesex University (UK), Swinburne University of Technology (Australia), UNSW Sydney (Australia), and the University of North Dakota (USA).