JEE Advanced 2025 Syllabus: Check JEE Advanced Subject-Wise Detailed Syllabus PDF, Important Topics

Chapter 1

Optics

Rectilinear propagation of light, reflection and refraction at plane and other surfaces; internal reflection, deviation and dispersion of light through a prism, thin lenses, combinations of thin lenses and mirrors, magnification. Wave nature of light, Huygens principle theory, Diffraction due to a single slit, interference limited to Young’s double slit experiment, plane polarized light, Brewster's law, polaroids, and polarization of light.

Chapter 2

General

Specific heat of a liquid using a calorimeter, a focal length of a convex lens and concave mirror using the u-v method, speed of sound, verification of Ohm’s law using a voltmeter and ammeter, Vernier callipers and screw gauge, determination of g using a simple pendulum, young’s modulus - elasticity of the material surface tension of water by rise and effect of detergents, general Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis, least count, significant figures, methods of measurement and error analysis for physical quantities about the following experiments: experiments based on using

Chapter 3

Mechanics

Systems of particles, centre of mass and its motion; Impulse, elastic and inelastic collisions, rigid body, moment of inertia, conservation of angular momentum, dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation, rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and spheres, equilibrium of rigid bodies, parallel/perpendicular axes theorems, moments of inertia of uniform bodies with easy geometrical shapes, angular momentum, torque, collision of point masses with rigid bodies, forced and damped oscillation, resonance.

Linear and angular simple harmonic motions, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, the law of gravitation, Kepler’s law, geostationary orbits, the motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits, gravitational potential, acceleration due to gravity, escape velocity.

Kinematics in one and two dimensions, static and dynamic friction, kinetic and potential energy, work and power, projectiles, uniform circular motion, relative velocity, Newton's law of motion, inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference, conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy.

Chapter 4

Thermal physics

Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gasses, calorimetry, latent heat, heat conduction in one dimension, ideal gas laws, specific heats (Cv and Cp for monatomic and diatomic gasses),  Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gasses, equivalence of heat and work, elementary concepts of convection and radiation, blackbody radiation: Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law, absorptive and emissive powers, Kirchhoff’s law, Newton’s law of cooling, first law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gasses), second law of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine and its efficiency.

Chapter 5

Electricity and magnetism

Electric current, Ohm’s law; Series and parallel arrangements of resistances and cells, Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications, heating effect of current,  Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law, force on a moving charge and on a current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field, magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid, magnetic moment of a current loop, electromagnetic induction, faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, Self and mutual inductance, RC, LR, LC and LCR circuits with d.c. and a.c. sources, the effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop, moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions.

Coulomb’s law, electric field and potential, electrical potential energy of a system of point charges and electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field, electric field lines, flux of electric field, capacitors in series and parallel, energy stored in a capacitor, Gauss’s law and its application in simple cases, like, to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell, capacitance, parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics.

Chapter 6

Electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet,x-rays, microwaves, gamma rays) including elementary all about their uses.

Chapter 7

Modern physics

law of radioactive decay, decay constant,  half-life and mean life, Bohr’s theory of hydrogen-like atoms, Atomic nucleus, α, β and γ radiations, characteristic and continuous X-rays, Moseley’s law, de Broglie wavelength of matter waves, binding energy and its calculation, fission and fusion processes, energy calculation in these processes. photoelectric effect.

Chapter 1

States of matter: liquids and gasses

Kinetic theory of gases, average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature, gas laws and gas equation, the scale of temperature, deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation, intermolecular interactions: types, distance dependence, and their effect on properties, the law of partial pressures, diffusion of gases, liquids: vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity.

Chapter 2

Atomic structure

mechanical picture of hydrogen atom: Energies, quantum numbers, wave function and probability density (plots only), shapes of s, p and d orbitals, Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, Bohr model, the spectrum of the hydrogen atom, wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis, uncertainty principle, qualitative quantum.

Chapter 3

Chemical bonding and molecular structure

VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, trigonal bipyramidal, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral), orbital overlap and covalent bond, hydrogen bond, polarity in molecules, dipole moment, hybridisation involving s, p and d orbitals only, molecular orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species (till Ne2),.

Chapter 4

Chemical thermodynamics

Intensive and extensive properties, the first law of thermodynamics, internal energy, state functions, work (pressure-volume only) and heat. enthalpy, heat capacity, standard state, Hess’s law, entropy, Gibbs energy, criteria of equilibrium and spontaneity, enthalpy of reaction, fusion and vapourization, and lattice enthalpy, second law of thermodynamics.

Chapter 5

Chemical and ionic equilibrium

The ion effect, pH and buffer solutions, bases and acids (Bronsted and Lewis concepts), hydrolysis of salts, equilibrium constant (Kp and Kc) and reaction quotient, Le Chatelier’s principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure), solubility product and its applications, law of mass action.

Chapter 6

Electrochemistry

Batteries: Primary and Secondary, fuel cells, corrosion, Nernst equation, electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law, electrochemical cells and cell reactions, standard electrode potentials, and electrochemical work.

Chapter 7

Chemical kinetics

Temperature dependence of rate constant, catalysis: Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism, rates of chemical reactions; order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant, half-life, differential and integrated rate expressions for zero and first order reactions

Chapter 8

Solid state

Crystalline state, classification of solids, seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close-packed structure of solids (cubic and hexagonal), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices, nearest neighbours, ionic radii and radius ratio, point defects.

Chapter 9

Solutions

Colligative properties: lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure; van’t Hoff factor, Henry’s law, Raoult’s law, Ideal solutions.

Chapter 10

Surface chemistry

Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples), elementary concepts of adsorption: physisorption and chemisorption, colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties, Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

Chapter 11

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties

Periodic trends in atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, electronegativity, chemical reactivity, modern periodic law and the recent form of the periodic table, electronic configuration of elements.

Chapter 12

Hydrogen

Occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, position of hydrogen in the periodic table, hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, use and structure; hydrogen as a fuel, hydrides ionic, covalent and interstitial, physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water.

Chapter 13

S-block elements

Preparation, properties, and uses of compounds of sodium (sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate) and calcium (calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, calcium oxide), Alkali and alkaline earth metals-reactivity towards air, water, dihydrogen, halogens, acids, their reducing nature including solutions in liquid ammonia, uses of these elements,  general characteristics of their oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of oxoacids,  anomalous behaviour of lithium and beryllium.

Chapter 14

P-block elements

Anomalous properties of boron, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and fluorine concerning other elements in their groups, oxidation state and trends in chemical reactivity of elements of groups 13-17.

Chapter 15

D-block elements

Alloys,  catalytic properties, applications,  preparation, structure, and reactions of oxoanions of chromium and manganese, oxidation states and their stability, standard electrode potentials, and interstitial compounds.

Chapter 16

F-block elements

Oxidation states; general characteristics, lanthanoid and actinoid contractions.

Chapter 17

Coordination compound

Magnetic properties and colour of 3d-series coordination compounds, ligands and spectrochemical series, Werner’s theory; Nomenclature, cis-trans and ionization isomerism, hybridization and geometries (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral) of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding [VBT and CFT, stability, importance and applications, metal carbonyls.

Chapter 18

Isolation of metals

Metal ores and their concentration, extraction of crude metal from concentrated ores: cyanide process (silver and gold), refining, thermodynamic (iron, copper, zinc) and electrochemical (aluminium) principles of metallurgy.

Chapter 19

Environmental chemistry

Atmosphere pollution, water pollution; soil pollution; industrial waste, ways to control environmental pollution, advantages of green chemistry.

Chapter 20

Basic principles of organic chemistry

Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds by combustion method only, IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules (hydrocarbons), hybridisation of carbon; σ and π-bonds, shapes of simple organic molecules, aromaticity, structural and geometrical isomerism, stereoisomers and stereochemical relationship (enantiomers, diastereomers, meso) of compounds containing only up to two asymmetric centers 6  exclude the R,S and E,Z configurations, hydrogen bonding effects; Inductive, resonance and Hyperconjugative effects, reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage, formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals, acidity and basicity of organic compounds.

Chapter 21

Alkanes

Reactions: combustion, halogenation (including allylic and benzylic halogenation) and oxidationHomologous series, physical properties (boiling points, melting points and density) and effect of branching, conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections only), preparation from alkyl halides and aliphatic carboxylic acids.

Chapter 22

Alkenes and alkynes

Preparation by elimination reactions, acid-catalyzed hydration (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination), metal acetylides, reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone, reduction of alkenes and alkynes, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX, (X=halogen),  effect of peroxide on addition reactions, cyclic polymerization reaction of alkynes, physical properties (boiling points, density and dipole moments).

Chapter 23

Benzene

Effect of directing groups (monosubstituted benzene) in these reactionsStructure, Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation.

Chapter 24

Phenols

Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe reaction, Esterification, Etherification,  Aspirin synthesis,  oxidation and reduction reactions of phenol, physical properties; preparation, electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol (halogenation, nitration, sulphonation).

Chapter 25

Alkyl halides

Nucleophilic substitution reactions and their stereochemical aspects, rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, grignard reactions.

Chapter 26

Alcohols

Physical properties; Reactions: esterification, dehydration (formation of alkenes and ethers); reactions with: sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, thionyl chloride, conversion of alcohols into aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.

Chapter 27

Ethers

C-O bond cleavage reactions, preparation by Williamson’s synthesis.

Chapter 28

Aldehydes and Ketones

Reactions: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone 7 formation; Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction; Haloform reaction; Nucleophilic addition reaction with RMgX, NaHSO3, HCN, alcohol, amine. Preparation of: aldehydes and ketones from acid chlorides and nitriles; aldehydes from esters; benzaldehyde from toluene and benzene.

Chapter 29

Carboxylic Acids

Reactions: reduction, halogenation, formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides.

Physical properties, preparation: from nitriles, Grignard reagents, hydrolysis of esters and amides, preparation of benzoic acid from alkylbenzenes.

Chapter 30

Amines

Reaction with nitrous acid, Azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines; Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; Carbylamine reaction, Hinsberg test, Alkylation and acylation reactions. Preparation from nitro compounds, nitriles and amides, Reactions: Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

Chapter 31

Haloarenes

Reactions: Fittig, Wurtz-Fittig, nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes.

Chapter 32

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids.

Chapter 33

Polymers

Types of polymerization, Homo and copolymers, Teflon, Bakelite, Natural rubber, Cellulose, Nylon,  PVC, Bio-degradable polymers, applications of polymers.

Chapter 34

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Artificial sweeteners, soaps, detergents, and cleansing action, drug-target interaction, therapeutic action, and examples (excluding structures), of antacids, antihistamines, tranquillizers, analgesics, antimicrobials, and antifertility drugs.

Chapter 35

Practical Organic Chemistry

detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro, and detection of elements (N, S, halogens).

Chapter 1

Sets, Relations and Functions

difference and symmetric difference of sets and their algebraic properties, De-Morgan’s laws on union, intersection, difference (for finite number of sets), Sets and their representations, different kinds of sets (empty, finite and infinite), algebra of sets, intersection, complement, cartesian product of finite sets, ordered pair, relations, domain and codomain of relations, equivalence relation. Special functions (polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, power, absolute value, greatest integer etc.), sum, difference, product and composition of functions.

Chapter 2

Algebra

Formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots. Statement of the fundamental theorem of algebra, Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, triangle inequality, cube roots, and geometric interpretations. Logarithms and their properties, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem for a positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients, arithmetic and geometric progressions, arithmetic and geometric means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, the sum of the first n natural numbers, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers.

Chapter 3

Matrices

Adjoint of a matrix, inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, elementary row and column transformations, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three,  solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables.

Chapter 4

Probability and Statistics

Total probability, Bayes Theorem, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations, random experiment, sample space, different types of events (impossible, simple, compound), addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, standard deviation and variance of grouped and ungrouped data, analysis of the frequency distribution with same mean but different variance, random variable, Measure of central tendency and dispersion, mean, median, mode, mean deviation, mean and variance of the random variable.

Chapter 5

Trigonometry

Trigonometric equations. Inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only) and their elementary properties, trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of.

Chapter 6

Analytical geometry

Three dimensions: skew lines, shortest distance between two lines, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, angle between two lines, angle between two planes, angle between a line and the plane, coplanar lines, Distance between two points, direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space.
Two dimensions: distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin, and cartesian coordinates.

Chapter 7

Integral Calculus

Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree, separation of variables method, linear first order differential equations.

Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, and application of definite integrals to the determination of areas bounded by simple curves.

Chapter 8

Vectors

Dot and cross products, scalar and vector triple products, and their geometrical interpretations, addition of vectors, and scalar multiplication.

Chapter 9

Differential Calculus

Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions, Continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions.
Rolle’s theorem and Lagrange’s mean value theorem, geometric interpretation of the two theorems, derivatives up to order two of implicit functions, geometric interpretation of derivatives, Tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, derivatives of order two, maximum and minimum values of a function.
L’Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions, Limit of a function at a real number, continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions.