BITS HD 2025 Syllabus

Updated On: June 26, 2024 10:29 am IST | BITS HD

The BITS HD 2025 syllabus included chapters like calculus, heat transfer, plant design and economics, thermodynamics, linear algebra, and others. For a detailed syllabus read the article.

Table of Contents

BITS HD 2025 Syllabus for Test 1
BITS HD 2025 Syllabus For Test 2
BITS HD 2025 Environmental Engineering Syllabus
BITS HD 2025 Software Systems Syllabus

BITS HD 2025 Syllabus: The BITS HD syllabus is vast and candidates need to be familiar with all the syllabi to begin their preparations. The syllabus is divided into different subjects like mathematics, English language, computer science, biological science, chemistry, physics, and others. To start preparing for the BITS HD 2025 exam be familiar with the syllabus. Have a look at the detailed syllabus below in this article.

BITS HD 2025 Syllabus for Test 1

Here the candidates can find the BITS HD 2025 syllabus for test 1. It includes subjects like core mathematics, english language, and reasoning.

BITS HD 2025 Core Mathematics Syllabus

Refer to the table below for the mathematics syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Calculus	Limit and continuity Functions and graphs Application of derivatives and application of definite integrals Maclaurin and Taylor series Convergence of infinite sequence and series
Chapter 2	Linear algebra and complex variables	Matrix algebra Rank and inverse of a matrix Row reduction method System of linear equations Vector space Analytic functions Cauchy’s theorem
Chapter 3	Probability and statistics	Conditional probability and independence Sample space and events Random variables and probability distribution Independent random variables Sampling distribution
Chapter 4	Differential equations	Method of variation of parameters Linear and non linear equations Cauchy-Euler equation series Initial and boundary value problems
Chapter 5	Numeric methods	Solution of system of linear equations Solution of nonlinear algebraic equations

BITS HD 2025 English Language And Logical Reasoning Syllabus

Candidates can look at the table below to understand the English language and logical reasoning syllabus.

English language syllabus
Grammar	Phrasal verbs and question tags
	Transformation and voice
	Prepositions, determinants, adjectives, and modals
	Time & tense, parallel construction, relative pronouns, agreement
Vocabulary	Synonyms & antonyms
Vocabulary	Odd word, homophones, jumbled letters, spelling, contextual meaning, analogy
Reading comprehension	Reconstruction of words
	Idioms and phrases
	Referents
	Vocabulary
	Content and ideas
Composition	Connectives
	Paragraph unity
	Rearrangement

Logical reasoning syllabus
Verbal reasoning	Chart logic
	Logical deduction
	Series completion
	Classification
	Analogy
Nonverabl reasoning	Rule detection
	Figure matrix
	Paper cutting
	Figure analysis and formation
	Pattern perception

BITS HD 2025 Syllabus For Test 2

The test 2 syllabus for BITS HD examination carries topics like analysis of structures, transportation engineering, construction planning and technology etc. Below is a tabular representation for the test 2 syllabus.

BITS HD 2025 Chemical Engineering Syllabus

Refer to the table below for the chemical engineering syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Chemical Process Calculations	Chemical Equation And Stoichiometry Gases, Vapors, Liquids (Thermodynamic Properties) Units And Dimensions Phase Equilibria Non Reacting And Reacting Systems Combustion Calculations Bypass And Purge Calculation
Chapter 2	Fluid Mechanics	Newtonian And Non-Newtonian Fluids Basic Concepts Integral And Differential Analyses For Fluid Motion, Internal And External Fluid Flow Flow Through Packed & Dimensional Analysis, Flow Meters, Pumps, Fluidized Beds, And Compressors
Chapter 3	Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics	First And Second Laws Of Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Properties Of Pure Substances Second Law And Entropy Applications Of First Law To Open And Close Systems
Chapter 4	Mass Transfer	Molecular Diffusion And Mass Transfer Coefficients Interphase Mass Transfer, Heat And Mass Transfer Analogies Design And Operation Of Equipment For Distillation, Absorption, Adsorption,Adsorption, Humidification, Crystallization, Leaching, Extraction, Drying
Chapter 5	Heat Transfer	Unsteady And Steady State Heat Conduction Radiation, Boiling, Condensation, Evaporation And Heat Exchanges Natural And Forced Convection
Chapter 6	Mechanical Operations	Operation Of Centrifuge And Cyclones, Agitation, Filtration And Mixing Properties And Handling Of Particulate Solids, Mechanical Separations, Particle Size Distribution, Size Reduction Operation
Chapter 7	Chemical Reaction Engineering	Isothermal Reactor Design For Single And Multiple Reactions Non Isothermal Reactor Design, Heterogeneous Reactors, Non Ideal Reactors Analysis Of Laboratory Reactor Data, And Reaction Mechanisms For Non Elementary Reactions Mole Balances And Reactor Sizing Rate Laws And Stoichiometry
Chapter 8	Chemical Process Technology	Inorganic Chemical, Fertilizer, Natural Product, Petroleum Refining And Petrochemicals; Polymerization Industries
Chapter 9	Plant Design And Economics	Optimization In Process Design And Sizing Of Chemical Engineering Equipments Principles Of Process Economics, Rate Of Return, Payback Period, Discounted Cash Flow, Depreciation Calculation, Cost Indices
Chapter 10	Process Dynamics And Control	Measurement Of Process Variables Analysis Of The Dynamic Behavior Of Chemical Process Analysis And Design Aspect Of Feedback Controllers Controller Tuning And Advanced Control Systems Dynamic Process Modelling

BITS HD 2025 Civil Engineering Syllabus

Below is a tabular representation of the civil engineering syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Mechanics And Strength Of Materials	Stress And Strains, Stresses Due To Bending, Torsion Mechanics: Fundamental Principles Introduction To Mechanics Of Deformable Bodies, Forces Moments Transmitted By Slender Members
Chapter 2	Analysis of structures	Determinate and Indeterminate Structures analysis Statics of Structures and Degree of Indeterminacy Deflection of beams and Frames, Influence lines (its Applications) Introduction: Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis
Chapter 3	Design concrete structures	Design of beams for Shear, serviceability requirements Design of one-way slab and two-way slab including staircase Design of columns Design for bond, development length, and anchorage Ingredients for reinforced concrete
Chapter 4	Design of steel structures	Eccentric and moment connections Design of Tension and Compression Members Design of plate girders and beams Introduction to plastic analysis and design
Chapter 5	Transportation engineering	Geometric design of highways Highway alignment Horizontal and vertical alignment designs Highway Materials Factors controlling flexible and rigid pavement designs,
Chapter 6	Surveying	Tachometric surveying & Traversing Contouring & Plane Tabling Trigonometric Leveling Areas and Volumes Introduction to advanced surveying techniques
Chapter 7	Construction planning and technology	Concrete ingredients (such as cement, aggregates and others) Properties, testing and applications of concrete Construction planning and scheduling Construction techniques (Advanced) Paints, distemper and varnishes
Chapter 8	Soil mechanics and foundation engineering	Origin of soils, soil structure and fabric Three-phase system and phase relationships Indian standard soil classification system Darcy’s law Characteristics of clays and sand Boussinesq’s and Westergaard’s theories Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory
Chapter 9	Water and wastewater treatment	Water and wastewater characteristics Drinking water standard Water distribution Sewage and sewerage treatment Sludge disposal. Operations for water treatment
Chapter 10	Water resources engineering	Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Conservation of mass, momentum and energy Analysis of closed-conduit hydraulic systems Hardy cross method and linear graph method Open channel hydraulics Fluid machinery

BITS HD 2025 Electrical And Electronics Engineering Syllabus

Here is a table showing the electrical and electronics engineering syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Electrical sciences	Circuit analysis Techniques & Theorems AC Circuit Analysis Important Power Concepts Single phase and Three- phase Circuit Analysis Semiconductors
Chapter 2	Electromagnetics	Plane waves in dielectric and conducting media Transmission lines, Smith chart and its application Maxwell’s équations in free space and in time-varying fields
Chapter 3	Digital electronics	Number systems & Codes Boolean algebra & Simplification Digital Logic Families Combinational/Sequential logic Design
Chapter 4	Signals and systems and digital signal processing	Sampling and reconstruction Properties of linear time-invariant systems System analysis and frequency response Continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems
Chapter 5	Electrical machines	Transformer Three phase transformer connections D.C Machines D.C generators Induction machines Synchronous machines
Chapter 6	Control system and power electronics	Mathematical model of physical systems Line frequency Uncontrolled/Controlled AC Block diagram, signal flow graph Feedback characteristics of control systems, control systems components
Chapter 7	Power systems	Transmission line parameters and modeling Characteristics/ performance of lines Optimal system operation Power system fault analysis
Chapter 8	Analog electronics	Ideal and practical Op-amp configurations Special purpose linear op-amp circuits Signal generators Voltage Regulators Power amplifiers and output stage circuits
Chapter 9	Electronics devices and microelectronics circuit	Semiconductor materials and their properties Single p-n junction devices Bipolar junction transistors Basic single and two stage transistor
Chapter 10	Microprocessor	Assembly programming Concept of interrupts Interrupt controllers Types of Memory & memory interfacing
Chapter 11	Communication systems	Signals & Signal Space Analysis and transmission of signals Pulse Shaping and Transmission Performance analysis of Communication systems
Chapter 12	Telecom switching	Switching Systems Voice Digitization Digital Transmission and Multiplexing Networks Topologies Internetworking and Applications

BITS HD 2025 Mechanical Engineering Syllabus

Here is a table showcasing the mechanical engineering syllabus for BITS HD 2025 exam.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Production techniques	Metal casting and forming Powder metallurgy Molding and formation of plastic Machining processes Metal cutting theory Welding processes
Chapter 2	Material science and engineering	Structure of metals and ceramics Dislocations Metal mechanism Thermal and mechanical properties of metals Polymers
Chapter 3	Production planning and control	Forecasting and product planning Capacity and aggregate planning Scheduling Inventory and quality control
Chapter 4	Design of machine elements	Design of bolted joints and screws Designs of clutches, gears, brakes Computer Aided design Criteria for static failure and fatigue failure
Chapter 5	Kinematics and dynamics of machines & vibrations	Basics of mechanisms Acceleration and velocity analysis D’Alembert’s principle Kinetics of mechanism Free and forced vibration
Chapter 6	Mechanics of solids	Introduction to mechanics of deformable bodies Fundamental principle of mechanics Stress and strain
Chapter 7	Thermodynamics	First and second law of thermodynamics Pure substance properties Entropy, energy, Irreversibility
Chapter 8	Applied thermodynamics	Vapour compression, absorption cycle Psychometrics, air conditioning Air standard/gas power cycles
Chapter 9	Fluid mechanics and machines	Conservation laws Dimensional analysis Analysis of fluid machines Fluid statics
Chapter 10	Heat transfer	Conduction Convection Radiation heat transfer Heat exchanger Mass transfer

BITS HD 2025 Pharmacy Syllabus

Applicants can have a look at the pharmacy syllabus below.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Natural drugs, pharmacognosy, phyto-chemistry	Traditional system of medicine Plant nomenclature & its classification Isolation techniques General Pharmacognosy Tests and functions of alkaloid, glycosides, volatile oils, fixed oils, resins, gums
Chapter 2	Anatomy physiology and hygiene	Anatomy of generalized cell Hemoglobin and blood groups Hormones:- their functions and mechanisms Anatomy of the urinary system Respiratory system organs Male and female reproductive systems Process of respiration
Chapter 3	Pharmaceutical chemistry	Physico-chemical/stereo chemical properties affecting drug actions Various organic reactions involved in drug synthesis Chemotherapeutic agents Lead compound identification Retero-synthetic analysis
Chapter 4	Pharmaceutical and instrumental methods of analysis	Chromatographic Techniques Titrimetric methods Iodometric and iodimetric titrations IR, NMR, MASS
Chapter 5	Pharmacology and toxicology	Principles/scope of basic pharmacology and toxicology Sedatives and hypnotics Antipsychotics and antidepressants Classification of chemotherapeutic agents Drugs for UTI
Chapter 6	Pharmaceutical microbiology and biochemistry	Carbohydrates Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids Enzymes and their regulation Introduction and classification ofvirus, fungi, protozoa, microbes, bacteria Infections and immunity
Chapter 7	Forensic pharmacy and quality control management	Drugs & Cosmetics Act Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Act Medicinal and Toilet Preparations Act Regulatory control of teaching and practice of Pharmacy Good Manufacturing Practices
Chapter 8	Industrial and physical pharmacy	Pharmaceutical agents: Physicochemical properties Chemical Kinetics Heat transfer, Distillation, Evaporation Humidification, Dehumidification
Chapter 9	Pharmaceuticals formulations and biopharmaceutics	Classification of dosage forms Parenteral Products Biopharmaceutics Bio-equivalence and bioavailability studies
Chapter 10	Dispensing pharmacy	Latin terms & Abbreviations Disperse Systems Suppositories and Pessaries Containers and Closures Hospital Pharmacy Practice

BITS HD 2025 Computer Science Syllabus

Here is the list of syllabus for the computer science subject.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Discrete mathematics	Recurrence relations Sets and fucntions Principles of counting Propositional and predicate logic
Chapter 2	Theory of computation	Finite Automata Regular languages and expressions Context free languages and grammar Universal Turing Machine
Chapter 3	Data structure and algorithm	Abstract data structures and types Searching and sorting Linear and non-linear data structures Dictionary data
Chapter 4	Design and analysis of algorithms	Algorithm designing techniques Complexity and analysis Handling hard problems
Chapter 5	Digital electronics and microprocessors	Programmable Logic Devices/Logic Families Memory interfacing Programmable peripheral devices and its interfacing Combinational Logic Design
Chapter 6	Operating systems	Memory allocation, segmentation and paging Secondary and mass storage systems Process scheduling and organization Concurrency
Chapter 7	Computer organization and architecture	Instruction set architecture Main memory and memory
Chapter 8	Computer networks	Concept of autonomous computing nodes Protocols and interfaces in network architecture Classification of the network Ethernet Basics of wifi Protocols
Chapter 9	Database systems	Data modeling Query languages Functional dependencies c
Chapter 10	Compiler construction	Overview of compiler Lexical analysis Generating of code Techniques for generating code

BITS HD 2025 Instrumentation Syllabus

Below is the instrumentation syllabus for the BITS HD 2025 exam.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Electrical sciences	Basic circuit elements Circuit analysis theorems and techniques Important power concepts Semiconductors Magnetic circuits c
Chapter 2	Analog electronics	Practical and ideal op-amp configurations Active, IC filters Signal generators Voltage regulators High frequency amplifiers
Chapter 3	Digital electronics	Number system and codes Boolean algebra Digital logic families Sequential and combinational logic design
Chapter 4	Mircoprocessors	Processor architecture Concept of interrupts Interrupt handling techniques DMA controller and interfacing Serial interface
Chapter 5	Signals and systems/digital signal processing	Sampling and reconstruction Fourier series System analysis and frequency response Analog and digital filters c
Chapter 6	Electronic devices and microelectronic circuits	Semiconductor material and properties Bipolar junction transistors Current mirrors and current sources Frequency response/ frequency compensation
Chapter 7	Control systems and power electronics	Mathematical model of physical system Line frequency Uncontrolled/Controlled AC and DC Converter Root locus concepts Characteristics and components of control system
Chapter 8	Industrial instrumentation and control	Elements of process control loop Mathematical modeling Hydraulic, Pneumatic Dynamic closed loop characteristics
Chapter 9	Transducers and measurement techniques	Hall effect Measurement of Motion, pressure, flow, temperature level Signal conducting techniques through op-amps Inverse transducers
Chapter 10	Electronic instruments and instrumentation technology	Electronic indicating Recording & Analysis instruments Grounding and Shielding techniques Instrumentation in hazardous areas

BITS HD 2025 Biological Sciences Syllabus

Refer to the table below for the biological science syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Genetics	Laws of inheritance, genetic interaction Control of gene expression in eukaryotes, prokaryotes and Viruses, Population and evolutionary genetics Genetic mapping
Chapter 2	Molecular technique	Restriction endonuleases Blotting technique Pcr and sequencing Cloning and vectors
Chapter 3	Biological chemistry	Chemistry of Biomolecule, vitamins, coenzymes, enzymes Metabolism of Biomolecules, Photosynthesis
Chapter 4	Microbiology	Fundamentals Survey of microbial world Human disease and microbes Applied and environmental microbiology
Chapter 5	Ecology	Ecosystem ecology and energy flow Population and community ecology Regional ecology c
Chapter 6	Plant physiology	Plant development Movement in plants Transport and translocation of solutes and water Important elements and their functionality
Chapter 7	Biophysics	Basic unit of life : chemical properties Molecular modeling X-ray crystallography
Chapter 8	Cell and developmental biology	Preview of a cell Cell growth and immunity Organogenesis Stem cells
Chapter 9	Animal physiology	Circulatory and excretory system Digestive and respiratory system Body immune system Nervous and endocrine system
Chapter 10	Bio statistics and introduction to bioinformatics	Phylogenetic analysis Use of software packages in Bioinformatics, Statistics, probability Introduction to genomic & Proteomics

BITS HD 2025 Chemistry Syllabus

A tabular representation of the chemistry syllabus is showcased below.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Chemical kinetics	Unimolecular, bimolecular and tri-molecular reactions Simple and complex reactions: integrated laws Effect of temperature on reaction rates Theories of reaction rates
Chapter 2	Chemical thermodynamics	Thermodynamics of gases, non ideal and electrolyte solutions Statistical and non-equilibrium thermodynamics Laws and concepts of thermodynamics
Chapter 3	Quantum chemistry and atomic/molecular structure	Physical and mathematical foundations of quantum chemistry Atomic and molecular structure Perturbation theory angular momentum Solution of Hartree Fock equation for He-atom
Chapter 4	Structure and reactivity of organic compounds	Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitutions Addition to carbon-carbon multiple and carbon-hetero multiple bonds Orbital symmetry in organic reactions
Chapter 5	Instrumental methods of analysis	Structure Resolution by combination of techniques Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy Fcfluorescence spectroscopy
Chapter 6	Bonding in organic compounds	Character tables Application of point group symmetry Ionic bond Covalent bond Point groups and molecular symmetry
Chapter 7	Chemical experimentation	Adsorption isotherm Synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials Qualitative analysis of salts/mixture of salts
Chapter 8	Synthetic organic chemistry	One Group C-X Disconnections Two Group C-X Disconnections One Group C-C Disconnections TwoGroup C-C Disconnections
Chapter 9	Basic inorganic and organic chemistry	Stereochemistry Stereochemistry of cyclic compounds Name reactions Clemmensen reduction
Chapter 10	Chemistry of organic compounds	Chemistry of aliphatic and aromatic amines Organometallic compounds in organic synthesis Carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid derivatives

BITS HD 2025 Economics Syllabus

Look at the table below for the economics syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Principles of economics	Basics of macroeconomics GDP and its components Role of money, credit creation and banking Elements of market economy
Chapter 2	Fundamental of accounting and finance	Banking system Markets for future Foreign exchange markets Basics of accounting Financial statements and analysis c
Chapter 3	Microeconomics	Topics in consumer theory Theory of market structure and firm General equilibrium Common and public goods Theory of consumer behavior
Chapter 4	Macroeconomics	Macroeconomics system Keynesian system Inflation and unemployment Money supply Investment and consumption
Chapter 5	Econometrics	Basic of statistics General linear model Heteroskedasticity Simultaneous Equation System ARIMA Models,
Chapter 6	Money banking and financial market	Money and the functions Money markets Financial markets Non banking financial institutions Money and inflation Tools and goals of monetary policy c
Chapter 7	Public finance and theory	Theory and Practice Public Expenditure – Structure, Growth & Evaluation Principles of Taxation Budgeting in India
Chapter 8	Economics of growth and development	Economic Growth Models The Fel’dman Model of Economic Growth Kaldor’s Model of Income Planning and development in India
Chapter 9	International economics	Early trade and theories International trade Modern theories of international trade Foreign district investment Balance of payments
Chapter 10	Issues in economic development	Human capital Agriculture and development Population growth and economic development Contemporary models of underdevelopment and development

BITS HD 2025 Mathematics Syllabus

Look at the mathematics syllabus here in the table.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Optimization	General LP solution The simplex method Duality and post optimal analysis Transportation models Non linear programming methods
Chapter 2	Discrete mathematics	Methods and logic of proof Elementary combinatorics Relations and digraphs Boolean algebra
Chapter 3	Elementary real analysis	Sequence of real numbers Metric space Sequence & Series of Functions Countable & Uncountable sets
Chapter 4	Algebra	Groups, Subgroups, Normal Subgroups, & Quotient Groups Homomorphisms & Automorphism Ideals & Quotient Rings
Chapter 5	Mathematical methods	Integral Transforms Discrete Fourier Series Fast Fourier transform Calculus of Variation
Chapter 6	Operations research	Queuing system Inventory system Network models Routing and matching problems
Chapter 7	Graphs and networks	Economic and empirical structures Planarity Routing and matching problems Representations
Chapter 8	Measure and integration	Measurable sets and functions Function of bounded variations Different modes of convergent Integral and its properties
Chapter 9	Introduction to topology	Topological spaces Subspaces Product spaces & Quotient spaces Connectedness & Compactness
Chapter 10	Ordinary differential equations	Existence and uniqueness theorems Properties of linear systems Autonomous and non autonomous systems Behavior of solutions of nth order equations
Chapter 11	Numerical analysis	Computer arithmetic and errors Solving nonlinear equations, equations Numerical differentiation and numerical integration
Chapter 12	Introduction to functional analysis	Vector spaces Continuous linear transformations on normed linear spaces Hilbert spaces Riesz Representation theorem
Chapter 13	Differential geometry	Plane curves Space curves Surface and curvatures Geodesics
Chapter 14	Partial Differential Equations	Nonlinear equations of first order Charpits Method Duhamels principle Laplace transform & fourier transform technique, solutions

BITS HD 2025 Physics Syllabus

Here is the physics syllabus for the BITS HD 2025 exam.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Modern physics	Special Theory of Relativity Wave-like Properties of Particles Bohr’s Model of Hydrogen Particle in One-dimensional Potential Wave-like Properties of Particle
Chapter 2	Thermodynamics and properties of matter	Thermal Expansion Heat, Work and the First/second Law of Thermodynamics Heat Engines and Entropy Kinetic Theory
Chapter 3	Classical mechanics	De-Alembert’s principle Rigid Body Kinematics/dynamics Hamilton’s Equations of Motion
Chapter 4	Electromagnetic theory	Electrostatics in Free Space, matter Magnetostatics in Free Space, matter Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction Maxwell’s Equations Conservation Laws
Chapter 5	Quantum mechanics	Schrodinger Equation Eigenfunctions Dirac Notation Harmonic Oscillator Angular Momentum
Chapter 6	Methods of mathematical physics	Matrices and Vector Spaces Functions of Complex Variables Sturm-Lioville Theory Curvilinear Coordinates
Chapter 7	Statistical Physics	Elements of Probability Theory Elementary Kinetic Theory Microcanonical Quantum Statistics of Ideal Bose Gases
Chapter 8	Optics and spectroscopy	Geometrical Optics Crystal Optics & Lasers, Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy
Chapter 9	Nuclear & Particle Physics	Nuclear Properties and Nuclear Models Fusion and fission The Quark Model Conservation Laws of Elementary Particles Particle Accelerators

BITS HD 2025 Environmental Engineering Syllabus

Here is a table showing the environmental engineering syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Environmental pollution	Effects and control measures of: water,air, marine, thermal,noise and soil pollution Solid waste Management Effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes Hazardous waste management Index of air quality
Chapter 2	Water and wastewater treatment	Water and wastewater characteristics Basic unit processes and operations for water treatment Drinking water standards Sludge disposal.
Chapter 3	Measurement of Water Quality	Sampling Dissolved Oxygen Biochemical Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand Total Organic Carbon
Chapter 4	Sludge Treatment and Disposal	Sources of Sludge Characteristics of Sludges Sludge Treatment and Ultimate Disposal
Chapter 5	Solid Waste Management	Quantities and Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste, Collection, Disposal Options

BITS HD 2025 Software Systems Syllabus

Here is a table showing the software systems syllabus.

Chapters	Chapter Name	Topics in the chapter
Chapter 1	Structured Programming in C	Control Constructs Pointers and Address Arithmetic Lists, Functions and Variables
Chapter 2	Advanced Programming in C	User Defined Types Access Restricted Lists Modular Programming
Chapter 3	Object Orientation and Software Engineering	Basics of OOP Types and Polymorphism Software Requirements Analysis and Modeling Architectural Design Software quality and testing c
Chapter 4	Database Systems	Database Modeling & Design
Chapter 5	Core Systems	Number Representations and Boolean algebra Combinational and Sequential Circuits Control and Memory Organization Internetworking