Unit 1: Physics and Measurement | Physics, Technology and Society, Si Units, Fundamental and Derived Units. Least Count, Accuracy and Precision of Measuring Instruments, Errors in Measurement, Dimensions of Physical Quantities, Dimensional Analysis and Its Applications. |
| Unit 2: Laws of Motion | - Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force and its applications
- Force and Inertia, Newton’s First Law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion; Impulse; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications; equilibrium of concurrent forces.
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| Unit 3: Work, Energy, And Power | - Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work energy theorem, power. Potential energy of aspring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; Elastic & inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
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| Unit 4: Rotational Motion | - Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications.
- Moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion.
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| Unit-5 Physics and Measurement | - Physics, technology and society, SI units, Fundamental and derived units. Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
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| Unit 6: Kinematics | - Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and Subtraction, Zero Vector, Scalar and Vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
- Frame of reference. Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion.
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| Unit 7: Gravitation | - The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.
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| Unit 8: Oscillations and Waves | - Periodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; Oscillations of a spring - restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M.: kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period; Free, forced and damped oscillations.
- Resonance; Wave motion; Longitudinal and transverse waves,speed of a wave; Displacement relation for a progressive wave; Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound.
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| Unit 9: Properties of Solids and Liquids-I | - Elastic behaviour, Stress- strain relationship, Hooke’s Law, Young’s modulus, Bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications. Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number. Bernoulli’s principle and its applications.
- Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer conduction, convection and radiation, Newton’s law of cooling.
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| Unit 10:Thermodynamics | - Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
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| Unit 11: Kinetic Theory of Gases | - Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature: rms speed of gas molecules; Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path, Avogadro’s number.
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| Unit 12: Electrostatics-I | - Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux, Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
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| Unit 13:Electrostatics-II | - Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.
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| Unit 14:Current Electricity | - Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Electrical resistance, Resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance.
- Electric Cell and its internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications.
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| Unit 15: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | - Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors- definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic substances. Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent magnets.
- Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment.
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| Unit 16: Atoms and Nuclei | - Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
- Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
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| Unit 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation | - Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation; particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment.
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| Unit 18: Optics-I | - Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact.
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| Unit 19: Optics-II | - Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers, wavefront and Huygens’ principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle.Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width.Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.
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| Unit 20: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | - Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: power in AC circuits, wattles current. AC generator and transformer.
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| Unit 21: Electronic Devices-I | - Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator.
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| Unit 22: Electronic Devices-II | - Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch. Communication systems: Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation.
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| Unit 23: Electromagnetic Waves | - Reactance waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X- rays, gamma rays). Applications of e.m. waves.
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| Unit 24: Communication Systems | - Need for modulation, Amplitude and Frequency Modulation, Bandwidth of signals, Bandwidth of Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a Communication System.
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| Unit 25: Experimental Skills | - Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
- Vernier calipers -its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
- Screw gauge-its use to determine the thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
- Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time.
- Meter Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
- Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
- Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents,
- Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring the terminal velocity of a given spherical body,
- Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube,
- Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
- The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a meter bridge.
- The resistance of a given wire using Ohm’s law.
- Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
- The focal length of; (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (ii) Convex lens, using the parallax method.
- The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
- The refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
- Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
- Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse breakdown voltage.
- Identification of Diode. LED, Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
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