CUCET Chandigarh University 2025 Syllabus (Released) - Download Subject-Wise CUCET Chandigarh University Syllabus PDFs Here!

Accounting for Partnership Firms

Partnership, Partnership Deed, Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932, Fixed vs. fluctuating capital accounts, Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account, Past adjustments , Goodwill, Accounting for Partnership firms, Reconstitution and Dissolution, Change in Profit Sharing Ratio among existing partners, Admission of a partner, Retirement and death of a partner, Dissolution of a partnership firm]

Accounting for Companies

Accounting for Share Capital, Accounting for Debentures

Analysis of Financial Statements

Financial statements of a company, Financial Statement Analysis: Objectives, importance, limitations, Tools for Financial Statement Analysis, Accounting Ratios: Objectives, classification, computation, Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Activity Ratios, Profitability Ratios

Cash Flow Statement

Meaning, objectives and preparation

Computerised Accounting

Overview of Computerised Accounting System, Application in Accounting, Features of Computerised Accounting System, Structure of CAS, Software Packages: Generic; Specific; Tailored, Accounting Application of Electronic Spreadsheet, Using Computerized Accounting System

Database Management System (DBMS)

Concept and Features of DBMS, DBMS in Business Application

Reproduction in Organisms

Reproduction, modes of reproduction: asexual and sexual reproduction

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure, pollination, development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit, Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation

Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems, fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation, pregnancy and placenta formation

Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), birth control, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy, infertility and assisted reproductive technologies

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy, Sex determination in humans, birds and honey bee, sex linked inheritance, chromosomal disorders in humans

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material, transcription, genetic code, translation, DNA fingerprinting

Evolution

Origin of life, Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution, variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection, Hardy-Weinberg's principle

Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens, parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control, Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines, cancer, HIV and AIDS, Adolescence- drug and alcohol abuse

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Bio fortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry

Microbes in Human Welfare

In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use

Biotechnology- Principles and processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology)

Biotechnology and its Application

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms, bio piracy and patents

Organisms and Populations

Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution

Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Patterns, components, pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous), ecological succession, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief)

Biodiversity and its Conservation

Concept of biodiversity, hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites

Environmental Issues

Air pollution and its control, water pollution and its control, agrochemicals and their effects, solid waste management, radioactive waste management, greenhouse effect and climate change, ozone layer depletion, deforestation

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic theory, Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound, Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. Units, dimensional analysis, Laws of chemical combination, Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass

States of Matter

Classification of matter into solid, liquid and gaseous states, Gas laws, Real gases, deviation from Ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and van der Waals equation, Solid State, Bragg’s Law and its applications, Unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp lattices), voids, calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids

Atomic Structure

Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations, Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect, Spectrum of hydrogen atom, limitations of Bohr’s model, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule; electronic configuration of elements (only up to Atomic Numbers 30), extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation; concept of ionic and covalent bonds; Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds; factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy; Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity; Fajan’s rule; dipole moment; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules; Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - Its important features; concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals; Resonance; Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features; LCAOs; types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding); sigma and pi-bonds; molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules; concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy

Chemical Thermodynamics

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, First law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, Hess’s law of constant heat summation

Solutions

Different methods for expressing concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both); vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s Law – Ideal and non-ideal solutions; vapour pressure - composition plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions - relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass; Van’t Hoff factor and its significance

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells; different types of electrodes; electrode potentials including standard electrode potential; half-cell and cell reactions; emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs’ energy change; Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a chemical reaction; factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions; order and molecularity of reactions; rate law; rate constant and its units; differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions; their characteristics and half-lives; effect of temperature on rate of reactions – Arrhenius theory; activation energy and its calculation; collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)

Classification of Elements & Periodicity in Properties

Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table; s, p, d and f block elements; periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence oxidation states and chemical reactivity

Hydrogen

Position of hydrogen in periodic table; isotopes preparation properties and uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; Hydrogen as a fuel

S-Block Elements

Group - 1 and 2 Elements General introduction electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements anomalous properties of the first element in each group diagonal relationships. Preparation and properties of some important compounds - sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. Industrial uses of lime limestone Plaster of Paris cement Biological significance of Na K Mg Ca

P-Block Elements

Group - 13 to Group 18 Elements General Introduction: Electronic configuration general trends in physical chemical properties across periods down groups unique behaviour first element in each group. Group wise study p – block elements Group – 13 Preparation properties uses boron aluminium properties diborane aluminium chloride alums. Group – 14 Allotropes carbon tendency catenation. Structure & properties silicates zeolites. Group – 15 Properties uses nitrogen phosphorus Allotropic forms phosphorus Preparation properties structure uses ammonia nitric acid Structures oxides oxoacids phosphorus. Group – 16 Preparation properties structures uses ozone Allotropic forms sulphur Preparation properties structures uses sulphuric acid. Group – 17 Preparation properties uses hydrochloric acid Trends acidic nature hydrogen halides Structures Interhalogen compounds oxides oxyacids halogens. Group – 18 Occurrence uses noble gases

D-Block Elements

Transition Elements General introduction electronic configuration occurrence characteristics general trends physical properties ionization enthalpy oxidation states atomic radii colour catalytic behaviour magnetic properties complex formation interstitial compounds alloy formation. Preparation properties use K2Cr2O7 KMnO4. Inner Transition Elements Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration oxidation states lanthanide contraction. Actinoids - Electronic configuration oxidation states

Coordination Compounds

Introduction to coordination compounds Werner’s theory ligands coordination number denticity chelation IUPAC nomenclature mononuclear coordination compounds isomerism Bonding-Valence bond approach basic ideas Crystal field theory colour magnetic properties Importance coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis extraction metals biological systems)

Purification & Characterisation

Qualitative analysis - Detection nitrogen sulphur phosphorus halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation carbon hydrogen nitrogen halogens sulphur phosphorus Calculations empirical formula molecular formula Numerical problems organic quantitative analysis

Some Basic Principles Organic Chemistry

Tetravalency carbon Shapes simple molecules hybridization (s p) Classification organic compounds based functional groups C = C those containing halogens oxygen nitrogen sulphur Homologous series Isomerism structural stereoisomerism Nomenclature (Trivial IUPAC) Covalent bond fission Homolytic heterolytic free radicals carbocations carbanions stability carbocations free radicals electrophiles nucleophiles Electronic displacement covalent bond Inductive effect electromeric effect resonance hyperconjugation

Hydrocarbons

Classification isomerism IUPAC nomenclature general methods preparation properties reactions Alkanes Conformations Sawhorse Newman projections ethane Mechanism halogenation alkanes Alkenes Geometrical isomerism Mechanism electrophilic addition addition hydrogen halogens water hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s peroxide effect); Ozonolysis polymerization Alkynes Acidic character Addition hydrogen halogens water hydrogen halides Polymerization Aromatic hydrocarbons Nomenclature benzene structure aromaticity Mechanism electrophilic substitution halogenation nitration Friedel – Craft’s alkylation acylation

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

Classification isomerism IUPAC nomenclature general methods preparation properties reactions Alkanes Conformations Sawhorse Newman projections ethane Mechanism halogenation alkanes Alkenes Geometrical isomerism Mechanism electrophilic addition addition hydrogen halogens water hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s peroxide effect); Ozonolysis polymerization Alkynes Acidic character Addition hydrogen halogens water hydrogen halides Polymerization Aromatic hydrocarbons Nomenclature benzene structure aromaticity Mechanism electrophilic substitution halogenation nitration Friedel – Craft’s alkylation acylation

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

General methods preparation properties reactions uses Alcohols Phenols Ethers Alcohols Identification primary secondary tertiary alcohols mechanism dehydration Phenols Acidic nature electrophilic substitution reactions halogenation nitration sulphonation Reimer - Tiemann reaction Ethers Structure Aldehyde Ketones Nature carbonyl group Nucleophilic addition >C=O group relative reactivities aldehydes ketones Important reactions such as Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition HCN NH3 derivatives), Grignard reagent oxidation reduction (Wolff Kishner Clemmensen); acidity - hydrogen aldol condensation Cannizzaro reaction Haloform reaction Chemical tests distinguish aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids Acidic strength factors affecting it

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

General methods preparation properties reactions uses Amines Nomenclature classification structure basic character identification primary secondary tertiary amines basic character Diazonium Salts Importance synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Chemicals in medicines - Analgesics tranquilizers antiseptics disinfectants antimicrobials antifertility drugs antibiotics antacids antihistamines their meaning common examples Chemicals in food - Preservatives artificial sweetening agents common examples Cleansing agents - Soaps detergents cleansing action

Accounting

Partnership, Accounting for Partnership firms, Accounting for Companies: Accounting for Share Capital, Accounting for Debentures, Analysis of Financial Statements, Cash Flow Statement, Computerized Accounting

Economics

Meaning of microeconomics and macroeconomics, Consumer Equilibrium and Demand, Producer Behaviour and Supply, Cost and Revenue, Forms of Market and Price Determination, National Income and related aggregates, Money and Banking, Determination of Income and Employment, Government Budget and the Economy, Balance of Payments

Business Studies

Nature and Significance of Management, Principles of Management, Management and Business Environment, Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling, Financial Management, Financial Markets, Marketing Management, Consumer Protection

Computer Fundamentals

Evolution of computers; Basics of computer and its operation: Functional Components and their inter-connections, concept of Booting, Use of Operating System for directory listing, hierarchical directory structure, renaming, deleting files/folders, formatting floppy, copying files, concepts of path and pathname, switching between tasks, installation/removal of applications; Internal Storage encoding of Characters: ASCII, ISCII (Indian scripts Standard Code for Information Interchange), UNICODE; Types of Memory: Cache (L1, L2), Buffer, RAM (DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM, DDRAM), ROM (PROM, EPROM), Access Time; Concepts of Accumulator, Instruction Register, and Program Counter

MS Office

Word Processing: Word processing concepts: saving, closing, Opening an existing document, Selecting text, Editing text, Finding and replacing text, printing documents, Creating and Printing Merged Documents, Character and Paragraph Formatting, Page Design and Layout; Editing and Profiling Tools: Checking and correcting spellings. Handling Graphics, Creating Tables and Charts, Document Templates and Wizards; Spreadsheet Package: Spreadsheet Concepts, Creating, Saving and Editing a Workbook, Inserting, Deleting Worksheets, entering data in a cell/formula Copying and Moving from selected cells, handling operators in Formulae, Functions, Formatting a Worksheet, Charts and Graphs.

Network Computing

WWW and Web Browsers: Web Browsing software; Surfing the Internet; Chatting on Internet; Basics of electronic mail; Using Emails; Document handling; Network definition; Common terminologies: LAN, WAN, Node, Host, Workstation; Bandwidth; Network Components: Servers, Clients, Communication Media.

Introduction to Programming in C++

C++ character set; C++ Tokens (Identifiers, Keywords, Constants, Operators); Structure of a C++ Program (include files/main function); Header files – iostream.h/iomanip.h; cout/cin; Use of I/O operators (<< and >>); Use of endl and setw(); Cascading of I/O operators; Error Messages; Use of editor; basic commands of editor; compilation/linking/execution; standard input/output operations from C language: gets(), puts() of stdio.h header file.

Java Fundamentals

Types of Programming language and Paradigms; Java – what it is/where it is/why it is? Platform independency; Comparison in Java with C and C++; Role of Java Programmer in Industry; Java Evolution and History; Features of Java Language; The Java Virtual Machine (JVM); Java’s Magic Byte code; JDK/JRE/JIT; Data types; Operators; Control Statements; Arrays; Enhanced for-loop; Enumerated types; C-style formatted I/O ; Variable arguments

Introduction

Meaning of microeconomics and macroeconomics, What is an economy? Central problems of an economy: what, how and for whom to produce; concepts of production possibility frontier and opportunity cost.

Consumer Equilibrium and Demand

Consumer's equilibrium - meaning of utility, marginal utility, law of diminishing marginal utility, conditions of consumer's equilibrium using marginal utility analysis, Indifference curve analysis of consumer's equilibrium - the consumer's budget (budget set and budget line), preferences of the consumer (indifference curve, indifference map) and conditions of consumer's equilibrium, Demand, market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve and its slope, movement along and shifts in the demand curve; price elasticity of demand - factors affecting price elasticity of demand; measurement of price elasticity of demand – (a) percentage-change method and (b) geometric method (linear demand curve); relationship between price elasticity of demand and total expenditure.

Producer Behaviour and Supply

Production function - Short-Run and Long-Run; Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product; Returns to a Factor; Cost and Revenue: Short run costs - total cost, total fixed cost, total variable cost; Average cost; Average fixed cost, average variable cost and marginal cost - meaning and their relationship; Revenue - total, average and marginal revenue - meaning and their relationship; Producer's equilibrium - meaning and its conditions in terms of marginal revenue-marginal cost; Supply, market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve and its slope, movements along and shifts in supply curve; price elasticity of supply; measurement of price elasticity of supply – (a) percentage change method and (b) geometric method.

Forms of Market and Price Determination

Perfect competition - Features; Determination of market equilibrium and effects of shifts in demand and supply; Other Market Forms - monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly - their meaning and features; Simple Applications of Demand and Supply: Price ceiling, price floor.

National Income and Related Aggregates

Some basic concepts: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation; Circular flow of income; Methods of calculating National Income – Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method; Aggregates related to National Income: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross and Net Domestic Product (GDP and NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; National Disposable Income (gross and net), Private Income, Personal Income and Personal Disposable Income; Real and Nominal GDP. GDP and Welfare.

Money and Banking

Money - its meaning and functions; Supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks; Money creation by the commercial banking system; Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Controller of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand and its components; Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal); Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism; Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment; Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - change in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Government Budget and the Economy

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components; Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure - revenue expenditure and capital expenditure; Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Balance of Payments

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; balance of payments deficit - meaning; Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating; Determination of exchange rate in a free market.

Grammar

Agreement, Time and Tense, Parallel Construction, Relative Pronouns, Determiners, Prepositions, Modals, Adjectives, Voice, Transformation, Question Tags, Phrasal Verbs

Vocabulary

Synonyms, Antonyms, Odd Word, One Word Substitutes, Jumbled Letters, Homophones, Spelling, Contextual Meaning, Analogy

Reading Comprehension

Content/Ideas, Vocabulary, Referents, Idioms/Phrases, Reconstruction (Rewording)

Composition

Rearrangement, Paragraph Unity, Linkers/Connectives

General Knowledge

Nation & States, Sobriquets or epithets, Country, Capital & Currencies, Sports, Inventions, Books and Authors, Basic General Knowledge, Famous Personalities, Awards and Honours, World Geography, Famous Places in India, Days and Years, World Organizations, Teaching and Research, Environment Science, Abbreviations, Government Schemes, Business, Economy & Banking, Defence, Reports and Indices, Environment & Biodiversity, Awards, Honours & Persons in News, Places in News, Important Days and Events, Science & Technology, Summits and Conferences in International GK, Art & Culture.

General Studies

Science and Society, Contemporary Problems of Indian Society, Cultural Heritage of India, India’s Freedom Struggle, Constitutional Values, Human Rights.

Nature and Scope and Branches of Geography

Nature and Scope of Geography, Various Branches of Geography and their relationship and its application, Basic Terms related with Population and Migration.

Different Geographical Traits of Geography

Social, Economical, Cultural and Political aspects of Geography.

Terms related to Physical Geography

Biogeography, Oceanography, Urban rural and Economic Geography.

Different Physical and Geomorphologic Features

Rocks, Volcanoes, Earthquake, Tides, Coral reefs, Types of Air masses and Jet streams, Cyclones, Rainfall and its types.

Legal Aptitude

Indian Constitution, Indian polity, Legal reasoning, Legal Maxims.

General Studies

History, Environment, Geography, Economics, Polity, General Science, General Knowledge (up to class 12th level).

Current Affairs

Current events of national and international importance with special focus on legal aspects.

Reasoning

Puzzle, Sets, Number-series, Logical patterns, Blood relations.

Sets, Relations And Functions

Sets and their representation; Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relation, Types of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one one, into and onto functions, composition of functions.

Complex Numbers And Quadratic Equations

Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of a complex number.

Matrices And Determinants

Matrices, algebra of matrices, types of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and three; Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants; Ad joint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and elementary transformations, Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and matrices.

Binomial Theorem And Its Simple Applications

Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of Binomial coefficients and simple applications.

Sequences And Series

Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers; Relation between A.M. and G.M.

Limit, Continuity And Differentiability

Real valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse functions; Limits, continuity and differentiability; Differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions; Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of order up to two; Rolle's and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorems.

Integral Calculus

Integral as an antiderivative; Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions; Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions; Integration using trigonometric identities; Evaluation of simple integrals of the type; Integral as limit of a sum; Properties of definite integrals; Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form.

Differential Equations

Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree; Formation of differential equations; Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations of the type:dy+ p (x) y = q (x)dx

Coordinate Geometry

Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus and its equation, slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes; Straight lines - Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line, equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines; Circles, conic sections - Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent.

Three Dimensional Geometry

Coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines; Skew lines, the shortest distance between them and its equation; Equations of a line and a plane in different forms, intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines.

Vector Algebra

Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product.

Statistics and Probability

Measures of Dispersion: Calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data; Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli trials and Binomial distribution.

Trigonometry

Trigonometric identities and equations; Trigonometric functions; Inverse trigonometric functions and their properties; Heights and Distances

Engineering Mechanics

Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including rolling friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc.; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; Lagrange's equation

Mechanics of Materials

Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; concept of shear centre; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler's theory of columns; energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength

Theory of Machines

Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope

Vibrations

Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts

Machine Design

Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs

Fluid Mechanics

Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli's equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow

Heat Transfer

Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behavior of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations

Applications

Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat; I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles; Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychometric processes; Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines

Engineering Materials

Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials

Casting, Forming and Joining Processes

Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design; Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy; Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding

Machining and Machine Tool Operations

Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures; abrasive machining processes; NC/CNC machines and CNC programming

Metrology and Inspection

Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly; concepts of coordinate-measuring machine (CMM)

Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools; additive manufacturing

Digital Logic And Circuits

Boolean algebra, logic gates, number representation, minimization, multiplexers, decoders, encoders, shift registers, number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point), combinational and sequential circuits.

Computer Organization And Architecture

Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path and control unit, instruction pipelining, pipeline hazards; memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode), associative memory.

Data Structures & Programming

Programming in C/C++ - procedural approach/object oriented programming approach; concept of classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, file handling, constructors; data structures: arrays, linked lists, types of linked lists, recursion, stacks, queues, trees (binary tree, binary search tree, AVL trees, heaps, red-black trees), graphs, pointers, array of pointers.

Algorithms

Asymptotic notations (best case, average case & worst case), space complexity & time complexity; problem solving approaches (divide & conquer, greedy, dynamic); graph traversals (DFS, BFS), minimum spanning tree (Prim's), shortest path algorithms (Kruskal's, Dijkstra's, Floyd-Warshall); searching (hashing & sorting) including insertion sort, selection sort, quick sort, merge sort, counting sort, heap sort; pattern matching algorithms (KMP, naive search, Rabin-Karp algorithm).

Theory Of Computation

Regular expressions; finite automata; context-free grammars and push-down automata; regular and context-free languages; pumping lemma; Turing machines and undecidability.

Compiler Design

Lexical analysis; parsing; syntax-directed translation; runtime environments; intermediate code generation; local optimization; data flow analyses (constant propagation, liveness analysis, common subexpression elimination).

Operating System

Need for operating system; functions; multiprogramming system; multitasking system; interrupts; process; thread; process state; process scheduling (preemptive and non-preemptive); inter-process communication (semaphores); CPU scheduling; I/O scheduling; deadlock (Banker's algorithm); disk scheduling; RAID structure; memory management; virtual memory.

Database Management Systems

ER model; relational model (relational algebra: SELECT and PROJECT); relational algebra operations from set theory; binary relational operations (JOIN and DIVISION); additional relational operations; tuple relational calculus; domain relational calculus; SQL; integrity constraints; normal forms; transactions and concurrency control; file organization; indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees); database recovery techniques.

Computer Networks

OSI and TCP layer model; simplex, half duplex and full duplex communication; circuit switching and packet switching; functions of OSI model layers; data link layer (framing and error detection); IP addressing (subnet mask); IPv4 (classless addressing); network address translation (NAT); routing algorithms (Dijkstra's algorithm); IP protocols (ARP,DHCP,RARP); transport layer sockets (connectionless and connection-oriented service: TCP and UDP); application layer protocols (SMTP, HTTP, FTP).

Engineering Mathematics

Discrete mathematics (propositional and first order logic); monoids and groups; graphs (connectivity matching coloring); sets relations functions partial orders and lattices; combinatorics (counting recurrence relations generating functions); linear algebra (matrices determinants system of linear equations eigenvalues eigenvectors LU decomposition); calculus (limits continuity differentiability maxima minima mean value theorem integration); probability and statistics (random variables uniform normal exponential Poisson binomial distributions mean median mode standard deviation conditional probability Bayes theorem).

Structural Engineering

Engineering Mechanics, Solid Mechanics, Structural Analysis, Construction Materials and Management, Concrete Structures, Steel Structures

Geotechnical Engineering

Soil mechanics, Foundation Engineering

Water Resources Engineering

Fluid mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydrology, Irrigation

Environmental Engineering

Water and wastewater quality treatment, Air pollution, Municipal solid wastes

Transportation Engineering

Transportation infrastructure, Highway pavements, Traffic engineering

Geomatics Engineering

Principles of surveying: errors their adjustment maps (scale coordinate system); distance angle measurement (levelling trigonometric levelling); traversing triangulation survey total station horizontal vertical curves. Photogrammetry remote sensing: scale flying height basics remote sensing GIS.

Section 1

Networks, Signals and Systems Circuit analysis, Time and frequency domain analysis of linear circuits, Discrete-time signals

Section 2

Analog Circuits Diode circuits: - clipping, clamping and rectifiers. BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, ac coupling, small signal analysis, frequency response. Current mirrors and differential amplifiers. Op-amp circuits: Amplifiers, summers, differentiators, integrators, active filters, Schmitt triggers and oscillators.

Section 3

Digital Circuits Number representations, Combinatorial circuits, Sequential circuits, Semiconductor memories

Section 4

Communications Random processes autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems, Analog communications, Digital communications

Section 5

Electromagnetics Maxwell's equations, Transmission lines

Electric Circuits

Network elements (ideal voltage and current sources, dependent sources, R, L, C, M elements); network solution methods (KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis); network theorems (Thevenin’s, Norton’s, superposition and maximum power transfer theorem); transient response of DC and AC networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis; resonance; two-port networks; balanced three-phase circuits; star-delta transformation; complex power and power factor in AC circuits.

Electromagnetic Fields

Coulomb's law; electric field intensity; electric flux density; Gauss's law; divergence; electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions; effect of dielectric medium; capacitance of simple configurations; Biot-Savart’s law; Ampere’s law; curl; Faraday’s law; Lorentz force; inductance; magnetomotive force; reluctance; magnetic circuits; self and mutual inductance of simple configurations.

Signals and Systems

Representation of continuous and discrete time signals; shifting and scaling properties; linear time invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of continuous and discrete time periodic signals; sampling theorem; applications of Fourier transform for continuous and discrete time signals; Laplace transform and Z transform; RMS value, average value calculation for any general periodic waveform.

Electrical Machines

Single phase transformer (equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and efficiency); three-phase transformers (connections, vector groups, parallel operation); auto-transformer; electromechanical energy conversion principles; DC machines (separately excited, series and shunt, motoring and generating mode of operation and their characteristics, speed control of DC motors); three-phase induction machines (principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load and blocked-rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control); operating principle of single-phase induction motors; synchronous machines (cylindrical and salient pole machines, performance and characteristics, regulation and parallel operation of generators, starting of synchronous motors); types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines.

Power Systems

Basic concepts of electrical power generation; AC and DC transmission concepts; models and performance of transmission lines and cables; economic load dispatch (with and without considering transmission losses); series and shunt compensation; electric field distribution and insulators; distribution systems; per-unit quantities; bus admittance matrix; Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson load flow methods; voltage and frequency control; power factor correction; symmetrical components; symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis; principles of over-current, differential, directional and distance protection; circuit breakers; system stability concepts; equal area criterion.

Control Systems

Mathematical modeling and representation of systems; feedback principle; transfer function; block diagrams and signal flow graphs; transient and steady-state analysis of linear time invariant systems; stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist criteria; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensators; P, PI and PID controllers; state space model; solution of state equations of LTI systems.

Electrical And Electronic Measurements

Bridges and potentiometers; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase time frequency measurement; oscilloscopes; error analysis.

Analog And Digital Electronics

Simple diode circuits (clipping, clamping, rectifiers); amplifiers (biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response); oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers (characteristics and applications); single stage active filters (Sallen-Key filters), active filters (Butterworth filters), VCOs and timers; combinatorial and sequential logic circuits (multiplexers, demultiplexers); Schmitt triggers, sample-and-hold circuits, A/D converters & D/A converters.

Power Electronics

Static V-I characteristics and firing/gating circuits for thyristor, MOSFETs & IGBTs; DC to DC conversion (buck converters, boost converters & buck-boost converters); single-phase & three-phase configuration of uncontrolled rectifiers ; voltage & current commutated thyristor-based converters ; bidirectional AC to DC voltage source converters ; magnitude & phase of line current harmonics for uncontrolled & thyristor-based converters ; power factor & distortion factor of AC to DC converters ; single-phase & three-phase voltage & current source inverters ; sinusoidal pulse width modulation.

Applied Thermodynamics (ATD)

Steam Generators: boiler classification, boiler performance (equivalent evaporation, boiler efficiency), boiler trial and heat balance; types of draught and calculation of chimney height; Impulse Steam Turbines: introduction, classification, pressure and velocity variation; Condensers: introduction, classification, parts of steam condensing plant; Air Compressor: construction and working of reciprocating air compressor, single stage compression, multi-stage compression with and without inter-cooling, P-V and T-S diagrams of single stage compression.

Heat Transfer (HT)

Heat Conduction: introduction, Fourier law, thermal resistance, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and diffusivity comparison, measurement of thermal conductivity; Theory of Extended Surfaces: introduction to fins, types of fins, uniform and varying cross-sectional area; Heat Convection: introduction to natural and forced convection, momentum and energy equation, dimensional analysis, dimensionless parameters and their significance, free and forced convection; Radiation: introduction, laws of radiation, intensity of radiation, radiating surfaces, diffuse surface; Heat Exchangers: introduction and classification.

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC)

Vapour Compression and Air Cycle Refrigeration: review of thermodynamic principles of refrigeration.

Manufacturing Technology and Process

Introduction to manufacturing processes: metal forming, machining, casting and joining processes; need of unconventional manufacturing processes; Machine Tools and Machining Operations: classification of cutting tools (single point and multi point), tool signature, tool materials; Non-Traditional Machining: Thermal Energy Techniques (electron beam machining, plasma arc machining, laser beam machining).

Theory of Machines (TOM)

Machines and Mechanisms: introduction to kinematics and dynamics, mechanisms and machines, kinematic links, joints, pairs, types of motion, kinematic chains, kinematic inversion, Grashof's criterion, plane motion of a rigid body, belt, rope and chain; Cams: types of cams, types of followers, displacement, velocity and acceleration; Gyroscope: principle of gyroscopic couple, effect on aeroplanes; Gears: terminology, law of gearing, path of contact, arc of contact, interference in involute gears, methods of avoiding interference, backlash, comparison of involute and cycloidal teeth, profile modification; Brake, Clutch and Dynamometers.

Engineering Mechanics (EM) and Strength of Materials (SOM)

Simple stress and strain: introduction, stress-strain curves, Hooke's law, elastic limit, elastic constants, factor of safety, compound stresses and strains; Shear Force and Bending Moment: types of beams and loadings, support reactions, shear stresses.

Machine Design (MD)

Springs: types, design; Belt, Rope and Chain Drives: design of flat and V-belt drives, conditions for transmission of maximum power, selection of belt, design of rope drives; Bearings: design of pivot and collar bearing; Clutches and Brakes: types, design of friction clutches (disc, multi-disc and cone type); Flywheel: turning moment diagram, coefficient of fluctuation of energy and speed, design; Gears: classification, selection, terminology, force analysis, material selection.

Industrial Production Engineering and CIM

Product Design and Development: quality and cost considerations; Work System Design: method study, micro-motion study; Facility Design: types of plant layout, evaluation, computer-aided layout design techniques, assembly line balancing, materials handling systems; Operation Research: linear programming, engineering economy and costing; Production Control: forecasting techniques (causal and time series models, moving average), Gantt chart, CPM, PERT and GERT; Introduction to Robotics: types, components, classification, mechanisms and manipulators, degrees of freedom; Sensors: contact, proximity, position, velocity, force, tactile; Robot Control: basics (open loop, closed loop), transfer functions, control laws (P, PD, PID), linear and non-linear controls.

Nature and Scope and Branches of Philosophy

Classical Indian philosophy: concepts of Vedic and Upanishadic period (RTA, Vedas, Yajna, Karma, Moksha); Cārvāka school of Indian philosophy: materialism and hedonism; Yoga philosophy: nature of yoga, kinds of yoga, eightfold path, psychology of yoga, consciousness; Contemporary Indian philosophy: Gandhi (truth, non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of civilization), Jyotibha Phule (critical understanding of caste system).

Philosophy and Science

Relation of philosophy with science and religion; branches of philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, aesthetics); classical western philosophy (pre-Socrates philosophers: Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus); modern philosophy (Descartes, Spinoza); applied ethics (meaning and domains: technology ethics, environmental ethics, medical ethics, professional ethics, legal ethics, philosophical counselling).

Logic and Reasoning

Logic: meaning, scope, uses; logic as science and art; logic and psychology; logic and grammar; fundamental laws of thought; terms and division; proposition and its divisions (meaning, fourfold division of proposition); Euler’s circles; Venn’s diagrams; distribution of terms; inference (meaning, kinds); square of opposition; fallacies; symbolic logic (need, value, truth function, truth table).

Kinematics

Frame of reference, motion in a straight line (position-time graph, speed and velocity), uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity; uniformly accelerated motion (velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion); scalars and vectors (vector addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, unit vector, resolution of a vector); relative velocity; motion in a plane (projectile motion, uniform circular motion).

Laws of Motion

Force and inertia; Newton’s first law of motion; momentum; Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion; law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications; equilibrium of concurrent forces; static and kinetic friction (laws of friction, rolling friction); dynamics of uniform circular motion (centripetal force and its applications).

Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies; work-energy theorem; power; potential energy of a spring; conservation of mechanical energy; conservative and non-conservative forces; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Rotational Motion

Centre of mass of a two-particle system; centre of mass of a rigid body; basic concepts of rotational motion (moment of a force, torque, angular momentum); conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia; radius of gyration; values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects; parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.

Gravitation

The universal law of gravitation; acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth; Kepler’s laws of planetary motion; gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential; escape velocity; orbital velocity of a satellite; geo-stationary satellites.

Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium; zeroth law of thermodynamics; concept of temperature; heat, work and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics; second law of thermodynamics (reversible and irreversible processes); Carnot engine and its efficiency.

Kinetic Theory Of Gases

Equation of state of a perfect gas; work done on compressing a gas; kinetic theory of gases (assumptions, concept of pressure); kinetic energy and temperature (rms speed of gas molecules); degrees of freedom; law of equipartition of energy (applications to specific heat capacities of gases); mean free path, Avogadro’s number.

Oscillations And Waves

Periodic motion (period, frequency, displacement as a function of time); periodic functions; simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation (phase); oscillations of a spring (restoring force and force constant); energy in S.H.M. (kinetic and potential energies); simple pendulum (derivation for time period); free, forced and damped oscillations (resonance); wave motion (longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave); displacement relation for a progressive wave; principle of superposition of waves (reflection, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics); beats, Doppler effect in sound.

Electrostatics

Electric charges (conservation of charge); Coulomb’s law (forces between point charges, forces between multiple charges); superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Electric flux, Gauss’s law (applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, uniformly charged thin spherical shell). Electric potential (calculation for point charge, electric dipole) and system charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy system two point charges in electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor (combination in series/parallel), capacitance parallel plate capacitor with/without dielectric medium between plates, energy stored in capacitor.

Current Electricity

Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance (resistances different materials), V-I characteristics (Ohmic/non-Ohmic conductors), electrical energy/power/electrical resistivity/colour code for resistors. Series/parallel combinations resistors temperature dependence resistance. Electric cell/internal resistance/potential difference/emf cell/combinations cells series/parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws/applications/Wheatstone bridge/metre bridge/potentiometer - principle/applications.

Magnetic Effects Of Current And Magnetism

Biot-Savart law/application current carrying circular loop/Ampere’s law/application infinitely long current carrying straight wire/solenoid/force moving charge uniform magnetic/electric fields/cyclotron/force current carrying conductor uniform magnetic field/force between two parallel current carrying conductors definition ampere/torque experienced current loop uniform magnetic field/moving coil galvanometer current sensitivity conversion ammeter/voltmeter/current loop magnetic dipole/magnetic dipole moment/bar magnet equivalent solenoid/magnetic field lines/Earth's magnetic field/magnetic elements/para-dia-ferro-magnetic substances/magnetic susceptibility/permeability/hysteresis/electromagnets/permanent magnets.

Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves/their characteristics/transverse nature electromagnetic waves/electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves/microwaves/infrared/visible/ultraviolet/X-rays/gamma rays)/applications e.m. waves/reflection/refraction light at plane/spherical surfaces/mirror formula/total internal reflection/applications/deviation/dispersion light prism/lens formula/magnification/power lens/combinations thin lenses contact/microscope/astronomical telescope/reflection/refraction magnifying powers/wave optics/wavefront/Huygens’ principle/laws reflection/refraction using Huygen’s principle/interference/Young’s double slit experiment/expression fringe width/diffraction single slit,width central maximum/resolving power microscopes/astronomical telescopes/polarisation/plane polarised light/Brewster’s law/uses plane polarised light/polaroids.

Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation

Dual nature radiation/photoelectric effect/Hertz Lenard observations/Einstein photoelectric equation/particle nature light/matter waves-wave nature particle/de Broglie relation/Davisson Germer experiment.

Atoms And Nuclei

Alpha-particle scattering experiment/Rutherford model atom/Bohr model energy levels/hydrogen spectrum/composition size nucleus atomic masses/isotopes/isobars/isotones/radioactivity alpha/beta/gamma particles/rays properties/radioactive decay law/mass-energy relation/mass defect/binding energy per nucleon variation with mass number/nuclear fission/fusion.

Cold War Era

Emergence of two power blocs after the Second World War, arenas of the Cold War, challenges to bipolarity (Non-Aligned Movement, quest for new international economic order), India and the Cold War.

The End of Bipolarity

New entities in world politics (Russia, Balkan states, Central Asian states), introduction of democratic politics and capitalism in post-communist regimes, India's relations with Russia and other post-communist countries.

US Hegemony in World Politics

Growth of unilateralism (Afghanistan, first Gulf War, response to 9/11 and attack on Iraq), dominance and challenge to the US in economy and ideology, India's renegotiation of its relationship with the USA.

Alternative Centres of Power

Rise of China as an economic power in the post-Mao era, creation and expansion of the European Union, ASEAN, India's changing relations with China.

Contemporary South Asia in the Post-Cold War Era

Democratisation in Pakistan and Nepal, ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, impact of economic globalization on the region, conflicts and efforts for peace in South Asia, India's relations with its neighbours.

International Organizations

Restructuring and the future of the UN, India's position in the restructured UN, rise of new international actors (new international economic organisations, NGOs), how democratic and accountable are the new institutions of global governance?

Security in Contemporary World

Traditional concerns of security and politics of disarmament, non-traditional or human security (global poverty, health and education), issues of human rights and migration.

Environment and Natural Resources

Environment movement and evolution of global environmental norms, conflicts over traditional and common property resources, rights of indigenous people, India's stand in global environmental debates.

Globalisation

Economic, cultural and political manifestations; debates on the nature of consequences of globalization; anti-globalization movements; India as an arena of globalization and struggle against it.

Challenges of Nation-Building

Nehru's approach to nation-building; legacy of partition (challenge of 'refugee' resettlement); the Kashmir problem; organisation and reorganization of states; political conflicts over language.

Era of One-Party Dominance

First three general elections; nature of Congress dominance at the national level; uneven dominance at the state level; coalitional nature of Congress; major opposition parties.

Politics of Planned Development

Five-year plans; expansion of state sector; rise of new economic interests; famine; suspension of five-year plans; green revolution and its political fallouts.

India's External Relations

Nehru's foreign policy; Sino-Indian war of 1962; Indo-Pak war of 1965 and 1971; India's nuclear programme; shifting alliances in world politics.

Challenges to the Congress System

Political succession after Nehru; non-Congressism and electoral upset of 1967; Congress split and reconstitution; Congress' victory in 1971 elections; politics of 'garibi hatao'.

Crisis of the Democratic Order

Search for 'committed' bureaucracy and judiciary; Navnirman movement in Gujarat and Bihar movement; Emergency (context, constitutional and extra-constitutional dimensions); resistance to emergency; 1977 elections and formation of Janata Party; rise of civil liberties organisations.

Popular Movements in India

Farmers' movements; women's movement; environment and development-affected people's movements; implementation of Mandal Commission report and its aftermath.

Regional Aspirations

Rise of regional parties; Punjab crisis and anti-Sikh riots of 1984; Kashmir situation; challenges and responses in the North East.

Recent Developments in Indian Politics

Participatory upsurge in the 1990s; rise of JD and BJP; increasing role of regional parties and coalition politics; coalition governments (NDA from 1998 to 2004, UPA from 2004 to 2014, NDA from 2014 onwards).

History & Schools of Psychology

History of Psychology, Growth of Psychology in India, Wundt, Titchener and James, Gestalt Psychology, Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis, Humanistic Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Carl Rogers, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky

Basic Concepts of Psychology

Intelligence – Spearman, Sternberg, Binet, Memory, Learning - Classical and Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning, The Nervous System: Human Brain, Endocrine System, Attention, Some Common Psychological Disorders - Depression, Anxiety

Social Psychology

Social Influence, Social Cognition, Social Groups, Social Interactions, Social-Learning Theory, Asch, Sheriff, Milgram Experiment, Shock Experiment

Counselling

Concept of Counseling, Techniques of Counseling, Client-centered Therapy, Self-esteem, Self-Concept, Self-efficacy

Administrative Law

Meaning, Scope and Significance; Dicey on Administrative Law; Delegated Legislation; Administrative Tribunals

Public Policy

Models of Policy-Making and Their Critique; Processes of Conceptualization, Planning, Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation and Review and Their Limitations; State Theories and Public Policy Formulation

Financial Administration

Monetary and Fiscal Policies; Public Borrowings and Public Debt; Budgets – Types and Forms; Budgetary Process; Financial Accountability; Accounts and Audit

Evolution of Indian Administration

Kautilya’s Arthashastra; Mughal Administration; Legacy of British Rule in Politics and Administration – Indianization of Public Services, Revenue Administration, District Administration, Local Self-Government

Historical Background of Constitution of India

Making of Indian Constitution; Indian Constitution: Bag of Borrowings; Parts, Schedules and Articles of Indian Constitution; Preamble; Union and Territory of India; Fundamental Rights (FR); Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP); Union Executive (President, Vice President, Prime Minister & COM, Attorney General & Comptroller and Auditor General); Union Parliament (Sessions of Parliament, Law Making Procedure); Indian Judiciary (Supreme Court & High Court); State Government (State Executive, State Legislature); Administration of Union Territories (UT); Administration of Special Areas (Schedule & Tribal Areas); Emergency Provisions in Indian Constitution; Panchayati Raj and Municipalities

Introducing Indian Society

Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community

Demographic Structure and Indian Society

Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions

Social Institutions: Continuity and Change

Family and Kinship, The Caste System

Market as a Social Institution

Market as a Social Institution

Pattern of Social Inequality and Exclusion

Caste Prejudice, Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes, Marginalization of Tribal Communities, The Struggle for Women’s Equality, The Protection of Religious Minorities, Caring for the Differently Abled

The Challenges of Cultural Diversity

Problems of Communalism, Regionalism, Casteism and Patriarchy, Role of the State in a Plural and Unequal Society, What We Share

Structural Change

Colonialism, Industrialization, Urbanization

Cultural Change

Modernization, Westernization, Sanskritisation, Secularization, Social Reform Movements and Laws

The Story of Democracy

The Constitution as an Instrument of Social Change, Parties, Pressure Groups and Democratic Politics, Panchayati Raj and the Challenges of Social Transformation

Change and Development in Rural Society

Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Agrarian Society

Change and Development in Industrial Society

From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization, Changes in the Class Structure

Globalisation and Social Change

Meaning and Nature of Globalisation: Economic Dimension, Cultural Dimension, Theories of Social Change (Cyclical, Structure-Functionalist Theory, Linear Theory)

Mass Media and Communication Process

Understanding Mass Media and Communication: Meaning and Definition, Elements, Process and Functions of Communication, Types of Mass Media

Social Movements

Concept of Social Movement, Types of Social Movements, Theories of Social Movement (Relative Deprivation Theory, The Strain Theory), Class-Based Movements (Workers, Peasants), Caste-Based Movements (Dalit Movement, Backward Castes), Trends in Upper Caste Responses, Women’s Movements in Independent India, Tribal Movements, Environmental Movements

UNIT-I

General English: Comprehension, Fundamental Grammar, Antonyms, Synonyms, Tense Forms, Simple and Complex Sentences

UNIT-II

Current Affairs: Political Developments in India and World, Administrative Reforms, Inter-State Issues and Disputes, Insurgency, Law and Order Situations, Internal Problems, Budget, Federal Structure, Parliament, Legislative Assembly, Panchayati Raj, Urban Local Bodies, Disputes with Neighbouring Countries, World Health Organisation, United Nations Organisation, International Relations

UNIT-III

History: Indian History, Freedom Movement, Popular Figures of Indian History, Popular Figures of World History; Political Science: Elections (Parliamentary, Assembly, ULB, Panchayat), Election Commission, Political Reforms, Multi-Party System, Bi-Party System, President, Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, Ruling Party, Opposition Party; Geography: Geographic Distribution of India and World, Continents, Countries, Rivers, Mountains, Monsoon, Agriculture Patterns

UNIT-IV

Culture: State Cultures, Folk Songs, Folk Music, Places of Pilgrimage, Places of Historic Importance; Language & Literature: Regional Languages, Popular Works of Writers, Literary Awards

UNIT-V

Sports: Cricket, Olympics, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, Hockey, Tennis; Media Awareness: Different TV Channels, Newspapers, Magazines, Editors of Different Media, Media Controversies, Films, Film Industry, Indian and World Cinema