JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus 2024 PDF - Important Topics, Chapter-wise Weightage

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 

Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table; s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements of atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence,  oxidation states and chemical reactivity. 

p-Block Elements 

• Group -13 to Group 18 Elements- General Introduction: Electronic configurations and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

• Groupwise study of the p - block elements Group -13- Preparation, properties and uses of boron and aluminium; Structure, properties and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride and alums.

• Group -14- Tendency for catenation; Structure, properties and uses of Allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites and silicones.

• Group -15- Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotropic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PC13, PCI,); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus.

• Group -16 Preparation, properties, structures and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of sulphur; Preparation, properties, structures and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulphur.

• Group -17- Preparation, properties and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens.

• Group-18- Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.

d - and f - Block Elements 

Transition Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation, properties and uses of K2 Cr, 07 and Kmn04. 

Inner Transition Elements 

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanide contraction. 

Actinides - Electronic configuration and oxidation states. 

Coordination Compounds 

Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory, ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism. 

Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties. 

Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems). 

Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds 

• Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential, extraction and chromatography-principles and their application. 

• Qualitative Analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. 

• Quantitative Analysis - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. 

• Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae, Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis. 

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry 

• Tetravalency of carbon, Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization, Classification of organic compounds on functional groups and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, Homologous series, Isomerism - Structural and Stereoisomerism. 

• Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC) - Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations and carbanions, stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles. 

• Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. 

• Common types of organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement. 

Hydrocarbons

• Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions. 

• Alkanes - Conformations : Sawhorse and Newman projections of ethane, Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes. 

• Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism, Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides ( Markownikoff and peroxide effect) , Ozonolysis and polymerization. 

• Alkynes - Acidic character, addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides, Polymerization. 

• Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity, Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel - Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene. 

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens 

• General methods of preparation, properties and reactions, Nature of C-X bond, Mechanism of substitution reactions. 

• Uses, Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons and DDT. 

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen 

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. 

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

• Alcohols - Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration. 

• Phenols - Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reitner - Tiemann reaction

• Ethers - Structure 

• Aldehyde and Ketones - Nature of carbonyl group, Nucleophilic addition to >C=0 group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones, Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions, Grignard reagent, oxidation, reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen), acidity of a-hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizarro reaction, Haloform reaction

• Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones

• Carboxylic Acids - Acids strength and factors affecting it. 

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

• General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. 

• Amines - Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character.

• Diazonium Salts - Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Biomolecules 

General introduction and importance of biomolecules. 

• Carbohydrates - Classification: aldoses and ketoses, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose). 

• Proteins - Elementary idea of a-amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides. Proteins:primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. 

• Vitamins - Classification and functions. 

• Nucleic Acids - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. 

• Biological functions of nucleic acids.

Principles Related to Practical 

Detection of extra elements (N, S, halogens) in organic compounds, Detection of the following functional groups : hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl and amino groups in amino compounds. 

• Chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: 

Inorganic compounds - Mohr’s salt, potash alum. 

Organic compounds - Acetanilide, p nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform. 

• Chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises - Acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vc KMnO, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO

• Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:

Cations - Pb2+, Cu!+, Af,+, Fe1+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+,

Mg2+, nh;.

Anions- CO,", S2~, SO4", NO", NO~2, Cf, Br", I" . (Insoluble salts excluded).

•Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:

1. Enthalpy of solution of CuS04

2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.

3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.

4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.