GATE Biomedical Engineering Syllabus 2025: Check Topics, Weightage, Download PDF

Engineering Mathematics

• Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.

• Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.

• Differential Equations: First order linear and nonlinear differential equations, higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of separation of variables, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, and solution of partial differential equations.

• Analysis of Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent's series, residue theorem.

• Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions: normal, Poisson and binomial distributions, Tests of Significance, statistical power analysis, and sample size estimation, Linear Regression and correlation analysis.

• Numerical Methods: Matrix inversion, numerical solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration.

Electrical Circuits

Voltage and current sources - independent, dependent, ideal and practical; v-i relationships of resistor, inductor and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation; Kirchoff’s laws, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems; Peak, average and rms values of ac quantities; apparent, active and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance, realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements, Bode plot.

Signals and Systems

Continuous and Discrete Signal and Systems - Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals; Sampling theorem; Laplace and Fourier transforms; impulse response of systems; transfer function, frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems, convolution, correlation. Discrete time systems - impulse response, frequency response, DFT, Z - transform; basics of IIR and FIR filter.

Analog and Digital Electronics

Basic characteristics and applications of diode, BJT and MOSFET; Characteristics and applications of operational amplifiers - difference amplifier, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, instrumentation amplifier, buffer, filters and waveform generators. Number systems, Boolean algebra; combinational logic circuits - arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, encoder/decoder, MUX/DEMUX, multivibrators; Sequential circuits - latches and flip flops, state diagrams, shift registers and counters; Principles of ADC and DAC; Microprocessor architecture, interfacing memory and input-output devices.

Measurements and Control Systems

SI units, systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors; PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments; DC potentiometer; bridges for measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter. Basics of control system - transfer function.

Sensors and Bioinstrumentation

Sensors - resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, Hall effect, electrochemical, optical; Sensor signal conditioning circuits; application of LASER in sensing and therapy. Origin of bio potentials and their measurement techniques - ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, EOG, GSR, PCG, Principles of measuring blood pressure, body temperature, volume and flow in arteries, veins and tissues, respiratory measurements and cardiac output measurement. Operating principle of medical equipment - sphygmomanometer, ventilator, cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, pulse oximeter, hemodialyzer Electrical Isolation (optical and electrical) and Safety of Biomedical Instruments.

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Basics of cell, types of tissues and organ systems; Homeostasis; Basics of organ systems - musculoskeletal, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, endocrine, nervous, gastrointestinal and reproductive.

Medical Imaging Systems

Basic physics, Instrumentation and image formation techniques in medical imaging modalities such as X-Ray, Computed Tomography, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound.

Biomechanics

Kinematics of muscles and joints - free-body diagrams and equilibrium, forces and stresses in joints, biomechanical analysis of joints, Gait analysis; Hard Tissues - Definition of Stress and Strain, Deformation Mechanics, structure and mechanical properties of bone - cortical and cancellous bones; Soft Tissues - Structure, functions, material properties, viscoelastic properties, Maxwell & Voight models; Biofluid mechanics - Flow properties of blood in the intact human cardiovascular system.

Biomaterials

Basic properties of biomaterials - Metallic, Ceramic, Polymeric and Composite; Fundamental characteristics of implants - biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability; Basics of drug delivery; Basics of tissue engineering. Biomaterial characterization techniques - Rheology, Atomic Force Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

GATE Best Books 2025

GATE Previous Year Question Papers

Verbal Aptitude

Basic English Grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, other parts of speech

Basic Vocabulary: Words, idioms, phrases in context, reading and comprehension, narrative sequencing

Quantitative Aptitude

Data Interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, other data representations), 2D and 3D plots, maps, tables

Numerical Computation and Estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents, logarithms, permutations, combinations, series

Mensuration and Geometry

Elementary Statistics and Probability

Analytical Aptitude

Logic: Deduction and induction

Analogy

Numerical Relations and Reasoning

Spatial Aptitude

Transformation of Shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, grouping

Paper Folding, Cutting, and Patterns: 2D and 3D patterns

Engineering Mathematics

Electrical Circuits

Signals and Systems

Analogy and Digital Electronics

Measurements and Control Systems

Sensors and Bio-instrumentation

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Medical Imaging Systems

Biomechanics

Biomaterials

Biomedical Engineering: Principles and Applications

David Prutchi and Michael Norris

Introduction to Biomedical Engineering

John Enderle and Susan Blanchard

Biomaterials: An Introduction

J. H. Park and R. S. Lakes

Engineering Mathematics for Biomedical Engineering

Thomas A. Hsia and H. P. Hu

Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements

Leslie Cromwell, Fred K. C. H.

Signals and Systems for Biomedical Engineering

Shih-Ming Huang and Don R. Smith

Fundamentals of Biomechanics: Equilibrium, Motion, and Deformation

Nihat Özkaya and Y. C. Fung