GATE Instrumentation Engineering Syllabus 2025: Check Topics, Weightage, Download PDF

Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra, Calculus, Vector Calculus, Differential Equations, Probability and Statistics, Numerical Methods

Electricity and Magnetism

Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence, Electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Effect of dielectric medium, Capacitance of simple configurations, Biot‐Savart’s law, Ampere’s law, Curl, Faraday’s law, Lorentz force, Inductance, Magnetomotive force, Reluctance, Magnetic circuits, Self and Mutual inductance of simple configurations.

Electrical Circuits and Machines

Voltage and Current Sources, Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power

transfer and reciprocity theorems, Single Phase Transformer

Signals and Systems

Periodic, aperiodic, and impulse signals; Laplace, Fourier, and z-transforms; transfer function, frequency response of first and second-order linear time-invariant systems, impulse response of systems; convolution, correlation. Discrete-time system: impulse response, frequency response, pulse transfer function; DFT and FFT; basics of IIR and FIR filters.

Control Systems

Feedback principles, signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Bode plot, phase and gain margins, Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag, and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems; time-delay systems; mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components, synchro pair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-off, P, PI, PID, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers, tuning of PID controllers and sizing of control valves.

Analog Electronics

Characteristics and applications of diode, Zener diode, BJT, and MOSFET; small signal analysis of transistor circuits, feedback amplifiers. Characteristics of ideal and practical operational amplifiers; applications of op amps: adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, difference amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, precision rectifier, active filters, oscillators, signal generators, voltage controlled oscillators, and phase locked loop, sources and effects of noise and interference in electronic circuits.

Digital Electronics

Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families: TTL and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, flip flops, shift registers, timers, and counters; sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer, analog-to-digital (successive approximation, integrating, flash and sigma-delta) and digital-to-analog converters (weighted R, R-2R ladder and current steering logic). Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/settling time); basics of number systems, Embedded Systems: Microprocessor and microcontroller applications, memory and input-output interfacing; basics of data acquisition systems, basics of distributed control systems (DCS) and programmable logic controllers (PLC).

Measurements

SI units, standards (R, L, C, voltage, current, and frequency), systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision, propagation of errors, linear and

weighted regression. Bridges: Wheatstone, Kelvin, Megohm, Maxwell, Anderson, Schering, and Wien for measurement of R, L, C and frequency, Q-meter. Measurement of voltage, current, and power in single and three-phase circuits; AC and DC current probes; true RMS meters, voltage and current scaling, instrument transformers, timer/counter, time, phase, and frequency measurements, digital voltmeter, digital multimeter; oscilloscope, shielding and grounding.

Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation

Resistive-, capacitive-, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits; transducers for industrial instrumentation: displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, vibration, shock, pressure (including low pressure), flow (variable head, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine, and open channel flow meters) temperature (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire), thermistor, pyrometer, and semiconductor); liquid level, pH, conductivity and viscosity measurement. 4-20 mA two-wire transmitter.

Communication and Optical Instrumentation

Amplitude- and frequency modulation and demodulation; Shannon's Sampling theorem, pulse code modulation; frequency and time division multiplexing, amplitude-, phase-, frequency-, quadrature amplitude, pulse shift keying for digital modulation; optical sources and detectors: LED, laser, photo-diode, light dependent resistor, square law detectors and their characteristics; interferometer: applications in metrology; basics of fiber optic sensing. UV-VIS Spectrophotometers, Mass spectrometers.

Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra

Calculus

Vector Calculus

Differential Equations

Probability and Statistics

Numerical Methods

Electricity and Magnetism

-

Electrical Circuits and Machines

Voltage and Current Sources

Single Phase Transformer

Signals and Systems

Laplace, periodic, aperiodic, and impulse signals

Z-transformers and Fourier, the frequency response of first and second-order linear time-invariant systems

The impulse response of systems, correlation, and convolution

Discrete-time system, 

Control Systems

Signal flow graphs, feedback principles, steady-state errors, transient response, bode plot, phase and gain margins

Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, time-delay systems, mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components

synchro pair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves, on-off, P, PI, PID, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers, sizing of control valves and PID controllers

Analog Electronics

Characteristics and applications of diode, Zener Diode, BJT and MOSFET, Small Signal analysis or Transistor Circuits, Feedback Amplifiers

Characteristics of Ideal and Practical, Operational Amplifiers, Application of OPAMPS, Added, Subtractor, Integrator, Differentiator, Difference Amplifier, Instrumentation Amplifier, Precision Rectifier

Active Filters, Oscillators, Signal Generators, Voltage-controlled oscillators and phase-locked loops, Sources and Effects of noise, and interference in electronic circuits

Digital Electronics

Combinational logic circuits, sequential circuits, multi-vibrators, a sample-and-hold circuit

Multiplexer, sequential circuits, Schmitt trigger, minimization of Boolean functions, analog-digital, integrating, flash, and sigma-delta) and digital-to-analog converters, etc.

Measurements

Systematic and random problems in measurement, expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors

Measurement of voltage, current, and power in single and three-phase circuits, etc.

Bridges of measuring R, L, and C, Q-meter

General Aptitude

15%

10

-

Engineering Mathematics

11%

7

Complex variable Probability density, limit, Determinant function

Network Theory

4%

3

-

Digital Circuits

8%

5

ATOD or D/A converter, flash type ADC, multiplexer

Signals and Systems

8%

5

Laplace transformer, Basic properties of signal

Control Systems

6%

4

Time response Analysis

Measurements

12%

8

AC, bridge

Analog Circuits

8%

5

Application of op-amp amplifier

Communication

3%

2

-

Transducers

8%

5

Pressure measurement, temperature measurement, resistive, capacitive and inductive transducer

Optical Instrumentation

5%

3

Laser, optical fiber, interferometer

Process Control

1%

1

PID controller

Higher Engineering Mathematics

B. S. Grewal

Advanced Engineering Mathematics

Erwin Kreyszig

GATE Engineering Mathematics for all streams

Arihant Publications

Advanced Engineering Mathematics

RK Jain, SRK Iyengar

GATE Engineering and Mathematics

Noida and Company

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. O. Sadiku

Circuit Theory: Analysis and Synthesis

Abhijit Chakrabarti

A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentations

A.K. Sawhney, Puneet Sawhney

Network Analysis

M. E. Van Valkenburg

A Course in Electronics and Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation

J. B. Gupta

Industrial Instrumentation And Control

S K Singh

Instrumentation Devices & Systems

D Patranabis

Principal of Instrumentation and Control 

D Patranabis

Electronic Devices And Circuits Theory

Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky

Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital Circuit

Jacob Millman , Christos Halkias , Chetan D Parikh

Digital Principles And Applications

Leach P Donald

Digital Logic and Computer Design

M. Morris Mano

Signals And Systems

A Nagoor Kani

Communication Systems: Analog and Digital 

Sanjay Sharma

Electronic Communication Systems

George Kennedy

A Course in Electrical And Electronic Measurements And Instrumentation

A.K. Sawhney, Puneet Sawhney

Control Systems

Kumar A. Anand

Linear Control Systems with MATLAB Application

B. S Manke

Problems and Solution of Control Systems with Essential Theory

A.K Jairath 

Control Systems Engineering

I. J. Nagrath, D. P. Kothari

Handbook Of Biomedical Instrumentation

R. S. Khandpur

Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements

Leslie Cromwell

Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice

John M. Senior