CBSE Class 11 Syllabus 2024-25 Released : Download Latest and Revised CBSE Class 11th Syllabus PDF with Subject-Wise

PART A: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - I

Unit-1: Theoretical Frame Work

Introduction to Accounting

· Accounting- concept, meaning, as a source of information, objectives, advantages and limitations, types of accounting information; users of accounting information and their needs. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information. Role of Accounting in Business.

· Basic Accounting Terms- Entity, Business Transaction, Capital, Drawings. Liabilities (Non Current and Current). Assets (Non Current, Current); Expenditure (Capital and Revenue), Expense, Revenue, Income, Profit, Gain, Loss, Purchase, Sales, Goods, Stock, Debtor, Creditor, Voucher, Discount (Trade discount and Cash Discount)

Theory Base of Accounting

· Fundamental accounting assumptions: GAAP: Concept

· Basic Accounting Concept : Business Entity, Money Measurement, Going Concern, Accounting Period, Cost Concept, Dual Aspect, Revenue Recognition, Matching, Full Disclosure, Consistency, Conservatism,

- Materiality and Objectivity

- System of Accounting. Basis of Accounting: cash basis and accrual basis

- Accounting Standards: Applicability of Accounting Standards (AS) and Indian Accounting Standards (IndAS)

- Goods and Services Tax (GST): Characteristics and Advantages.

Unit-2: Accounting Process

Recording of Business Transactions

· Voucher and Transactions: Source documents and Vouchers, Preparation of Vouchers, Accounting Equation Approach: Meaning and Analysis, Rules of Debit and Credit.

· Recording of Transactions: Books of Original Entry- Journal

· Special Purpose books:

· Cash Book: Simple, cash book with bank column and petty cashbook

Purchases book

Sales book

Purchases return book

Sales return book

Journal proper

Note: Including trade discount, freight and cartage expenses for simple GST calculation.

Ledger: Format, Posting from journal and subsidiary books, Balancing of accounts

Bank Reconciliation Statement:

Need and preparation, Bank Reconciliation Statement

Depreciation, Provisions and Reserves

Depreciation: Meaning, Features, Need, Causes, factors

Other similar terms: Depletion and Amortisation

Methods of Depreciation:

i. Straight Line Method (SLM)

ii. Written Down Value Method (WDV)

Note: Excluding change of method

Difference between SLM and WDV; Advantages of SLM and WDV

Method of recoding depreciation

i.Charging to asset account

ii.Creating provision for depreciation/accumulated depreciation account

Treatment of disposal of asset

Provisions, Reserves, Difference Between Provisions and Reserves.

Types of Reserves:

i.Revenue reserve

ii.Capital reserve

iii.General reserve

iv.Specific reserve

v.Secret Reserve

Difference between capital and revenue reserve

Trial balance and Rectification of Errors

Trial balance: objectives, meaning and preparation

(Scope: Trial balance with balance method only)

Errors: classification-errors of omission, commission, principles, and compensating; their effect on Trial Balance.

Detection and rectification of errors;

(i)Errors which do not affect trial balance

(ii)Errors which affect trial balance

preparation of suspense account.

Part B: Financial Accounting - II

Unit 3: Financial Statements of Sole Proprietorship

Financial Statements

Meaning, objectives and importance; Revenue and Capital Receipts; Revenue and Capital Expenditure; Deferred Revenue expenditure. Opening journal entry. Trading and Profit and Loss Account: Gross Profit, Operating profit and Net profit. Preparation. Balance Sheet: need, grouping and marshalling of assets and liabilities. Preparation. Adjustments in preparation of financial statements with respect to closing stock, outstanding expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued income, income received in advance, depreciation, bad debts, provision for doubtful debts, provision for discount on debtors, Abnormal loss, Goods taken for personal use/staff welfare, interest on capital and managers commission. Preparation of Trading and Profit and Loss account and Balance Sheet of a sole proprietorship with adjustments.

Incomplete Records

Features, reasons and limitations.

Ascertainment of Profit/Loss by Statement of Affairs method. (excluding conversion method)

1

Diversity of Living Organisms

Chapter-1: The Living World

Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature

Chapter-2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classifications; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom

Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae (Topics excluded – Angiosperms, Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations)

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and at a few examples of each category). (No live animals or specimens should be displayed.)

2

Structural Organization in Animals and Plant

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of the family Solanaceae

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frogs.

3

Cell: Structure and Function

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles – structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Chapter-9: Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzyme – types, properties, enzyme action. (Topics excluded: Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer, Dynamic State of Body Constituents – Concept of Metabolism, Metabolic Basis of Living, The Living State)

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

4

Plant Physiology

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-15: Plant – Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA;

5

Human Physiology

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration – asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system – hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Modes of excretion – ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function – renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; the role of other organs in excretion; disorders – uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, a kidney transplant.

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement – ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems – myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans – central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse

Class 11 Biology Syllabus Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system – hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); the role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goitre, exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison’s disease. Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems are to be taught in brief.

I.

Evolution and Fundamentals of Business

History of Trade and Commerce in India: Indigenous Banking System, Rise of Intermediaries, Transport, Trading Communities: Merchant Corporations, Major Trade Centres, Major Imports and Exports, Position of Indian Sub-Continent in the World Economy.

Business – meaning and characteristics

Business, profession and employment Concept

Objectives of business

Classification of business activities – Industry and Commerce

Industry types: primary, secondary, tertiary Meaning and subgroups

Commerce-trade: (types-internal, external; wholesale and retail) and auxiliaries to trade; (banking, insurance, transportation, warehousing, communication, and advertising) – meaning

Business risk-Concept

II.

Forms of Business Organisations

Sole Proprietorship-Concept, merits and limitations.

Partnership-Concept, types, merits and limitations of partnership, registration of a partnership firm, partnership deed. Types of partners

Hindu Undivided Family Business: Concept

Cooperative Societies-Concept, merits, and limitations.

Company – Concept, merits and limitations; Types: Private, Public and One Person Company – Concept

Formation of company – stages, important documents to be used in the formation of a company

Choice of form of business organisation

III.

Public, Private and Global Enterprises

Public sector and private sector enterprises – Concept

Forms of public sector enterprises: Departmental Undertakings, Statutory Corporations and Government Companies.

Global Enterprises – Feature. Public-private partnership – concept

IV.

Business Services

Business services – meaning and types. Banking: Types of bank accounts – savings, current, recurring, fixed deposit and multiple option deposit account

Banking services with particular reference to Bank Draft, Bank Overdraft, and Cash credit. E-Banking meaning, Types of digital payments

Insurance – Principles. Types – life, health, fire and marine insurance – concept

Postal Service – Mail, Registered Post, Parcel, Speed Post, Courier – meaning

V.

Emerging Modes of Business

E-business: concept, scope and benefits

VI.

Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics

Concept of social responsibility

Case of social responsibility

Responsibility towards owners, investors, consumers, employees, government and community.

Role of business in environment protection

Business Ethics – Concept and Elements

VII.

Sources of Business Finance

Concept of business finance

Owners’ funds- equity shares, preferences shares, retained earnings

Borrowed funds: debentures and bonds, loans from financial institutions and commercial banks, public deposits, trade credit, and corporate Deposits (ICD).

VIII.

Small Business and Enterprises

Entrepreneurship Development (ED): Concept, Characteristics and Need. Process of Entrepreneurship Development: Start-up India Scheme, ways to fund the start-up. Intellectual Property Rights and Entrepreneurship

Small-scale enterprise as defined by MSMED Act 2006 (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Act)

Role of small business in India with special reference to rural areas

Government schemes and agencies for small-scale industries: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) and District Industrial Centre (DIC) with special reference to rural, backward areas

IX.

Internal Trade

Internal trade – meaning and types of services rendered by a wholesaler and a retailer

Types of retail-trade-Itinerant and small-scale fixed shops retailers

Large scale retailers-Departmental stores, chain stores – concept

GST (Goods and Services Tax): Concept and key features

X.

International Trade

International trade: concept and benefits

Export trade – Meaning and procedure

Import Trade – Meaning and procedure

Documents involved in International Trade; indent, letter of credit, shipping order, shipping bills, mate’s receipt (DA/DP)

World Trade Organization (WTO) meaning and objectives

I.

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry. Nature of matter, laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: the concept of elements, atoms, and molecules. Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and calculations based on stoichiometry.

II.

Structure of Atom

Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson’s model and its limitations. Rutherford’s model and its limitations, Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and filled orbitals.

III.

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Significance of classification, a brief history of the development of the periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.

IV.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis’s structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.

V.

Chemical Thermodynamics

Concepts of Systems and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, and state functions. The first law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ΔU and ΔH, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. The second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction) Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb’s energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, and criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).

VI.

Equilibrium

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, the law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle, ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, the concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).

VII.

Redox Reactions

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions.

VIII.

Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Techniques

General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

IX.

Hydrocarbons:

Classification of Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.

Alkenes – Nomenclature, the structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.

Alkynes – Nomenclature, the structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

Part A: Statistics For Economics

Unit 1: Introduction

Meaning, scope, functions, and importance of statistics in Economics

Unit 2: Collection, Organisation, and Presentation of Data

• Sources of data: primary and secondary
• Sampling concepts
• Methods of data collection
• Important secondary data sources: Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation
• Meaning and types of variables
• Frequency Distribution
• Tabular and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data (bar diagrams, pie diagrams, histograms, polygons, Ogives, time series graphs)

Unit 3: Statistical Tools and Interpretation

• Measures of Central Tendency (Arithmetic mean, median, mode)
• Correlation and its measures (Karl Pearson’s method, Spearman’s rank correlation)
• Introduction to Index Numbers (wholesale price index, consumer price index, index of industrial production)
• Inflation and index numbers

Part B: Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 4: Introduction

• Microeconomics vs. macroeconomics
• Positive and normative economics
• Understanding an economy
• Central economic problems
• Production possibility frontier and opportunity cost

Unit 5: Consumer’s Equilibrium and Demand

• Consumer’s equilibrium and utility
• Law of diminishing marginal utility
• Conditions of consumer’s equilibrium using marginal utility analysis
• Indifference curve analysis
• Demand, market demand, determinants of demand, demand curve, price elasticity of demand

Unit 6: Producer Behaviour and Supply

• Production function (short-run and long-run)
• Total, average, and marginal product
• Returns to a Factor
• Costs (total, fixed, variable, average, marginal)
• Revenue (total, average, marginal)
• Producer’s equilibrium
• Supply, market supply, determinants of supply, supply curve, price elasticity of supply

Unit 7: Forms of Market and Price Determination Under Perfect Competition

• Features of perfect competition
• Market equilibrium
• Effects of shifts in demand and supply
• Applications of Demand and Supply (price ceiling, price floor)

Part C: Project in Economics

Fundamentals of Physical Geography

Geography as a Discipline

The Origin and Evolution of the Earth

Interior of the Earth

Distribution of seas and oceans

Geomorphic Processes

Landforms and their Evolution

Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems

Water in the Atmosphere

World Climate and Climate Change (To be tested through internal assessments in the form of project and presentation)

Water (Oceans)

Movements of Ocean Water

Biodiversity and Conservation

India Physical Environment

India- Location

Structure and Physiography

Drainage System

Climate

Natural Vegetation

Natural Hazards and Disasters (To be tested through internal assessment in the form of Projects and presentations)

I

EARLY SOCIETIES

Introduction Timeline I (6 MYA TO 1 BCE)

Writing and City Life

II

EMPIRES

Introduction Timeline II (C. 100 BCE TO 1300 CE)

An Empire Across Three Continents

Nomadic Empires

III

CHANGING

TRADITIONS

Introduction Timeline III (C. 1300 TO 1700)

The Three Orders

Changing Cultural Traditions

IV

TOWARDS MODERNIZATION

Introduction Timeline IV (C. 1700 TO 2000)

Displacing Indigenous Peoples

Paths to Modernisation

1.

Sets and Functions

Sets

Relations and Functions

Trigonometric Functions

2.

Algebra

Principles of Mathematical induction

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Linear Inequalities

Permutation and Combinations

Binomial Theorem

Sequence and Series

3.

Coordinate Geometry

Straight Lines

Conic Sections

Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry

4.

Calculus

Limits and Derivatives

5.

Mathematical Reasoning

Mathematical Reasoning

6.

Statistics and Probability

Statistics

Probability

1

Physical World and Measurement

Chapter–2: Units and Measurements Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. significant figures. Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

2

Kinematics

Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line

The frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and nonuniform motion, instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).

Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane

Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors. Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration, projectile motion, and uniform circular motion.

3

Laws of Motion

Chapter–5: Laws of Motion

Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

4

Work, Energy and Power

Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.

The notion of potential energy, the potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: non-conservative forces, motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

5

The motion of the System of Particles and Rigid Body

Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and Centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod.

Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation).

6

Gravitation

Chapter–8: Gravitation

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, the universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape speed, orbital velocity of a satellite.

7

Properties of Bulk Matter

Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids

Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only), Poisson’s ratio; elastic energy.

Chapter 10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes), the effect of gravity on fluid pressure.

Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its simple applications.

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.

Chapter 11: Thermal Properties of Matter

Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv – calorimetry; change of state – latent heat capacity.

Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein’s displacement Law, and Stefan’s law.

8

Thermodynamics

Chapter–12: Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics,

The second law of thermodynamics: gaseous state of matter, change of condition of gaseous state -isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic processes.

9

Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases

Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.

Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro’s number.

10

Oscillations and Waves

Chapter–14: Oscillations

Periodic motion – period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions and their applications.

Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equations of motion; phase; oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of expression for its period.

Chapter–15: Waves

Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.

PART A – INDIAN CONSTITUTION AT WORK

1

Constitution: Why and How?

8

2

Rights in the Indian Constitution

3

Election and Representation

6

4

Executive

12

5

Legislature

6

Judiciary

7

Federalism

6

8

Local Governments

4

9

Constitution as a Living Document

4

10

The Philosophy of the Constitution

Total

40

PART B – POLITICAL THEORY

1

Political Theory: An Introduction

4

2

Freedom

12

3

Equality

4

Social Justice

6

5

Rights

4

6

Citizenship

8

7

Nationalism

8

Secularism

6

Total

40

TOTAL

80