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UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25: The Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UPMSP) released the UP Board 12th Syllabus 2024-25 for Biology online at upmsp.edu.in as a PDF file. The UP Board class 12 Biology syllabus 2024-25 consists of a total of 5 units namely, Reproduction, Genetics & Evolution, Biology and Human Welfare, Biotechnology & its Applications, and Ecology & Environment. These 5 units are again divided into 13 chapters that are to be covered for the UP Board 12th exam for Biology. The highest weightage carrying unit is Unit 2 Genetics and Evolution. This unit will carry 18 marks alone in the exam. Following this, the next maximum weightage carrying units are Reproduction, Biology and Human Welfare and Ecology and Environment.
In the academic year 2024-25, the state board has decided to retain 30% cut in the UPMSP 12th Biology syllabus as it was in 2022. Therefore, the UP Board 12th Biology exam 2025 will be conducted with 70% reduced syllabus. The maximum marks for the UPMSP Class 12 Biology Exam 2025 will be 100 where 70 marks will be evaluated on the theory exam and 30 marks through the practical exam. A combined score is required to determine the final grade for the subject. Students must score at least 33% marks as overall aggregate marks to pass the exam. The Uttar Pradesh Board will conduct the UP 12th Board Exams 2025 in February and March 2025. Read the complete article to have an overview of the UP Board 12th Biology Syllabus 2024-25.
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Also Read: UP Board 12th Preparation Tips 2025
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 PDF Download
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25: Course Structure
The UP Board 12th Biology Exam 2025 will be held for 3 hours. Students can go through the course structure of UPMSP class 12 Biology syllabus 2024-25 provided below and prepare accordingly:
Units | Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
1 | Reproduction | 14 |
2 | Genetics and Evolution | 18 |
3 | Biology and Human Welfare | 14 |
4 | Biotechnology and its Applications | 10 |
5 | Ecology and Environment | 14 |
Total | - | 70 |
UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25: Unit-wise
UP Board Class 12 Biology syllabus comprises 5 units which is further divided into 13 chapters. The class 12 Biology syllabus for each chapter is discussed in detail below.
Unit I - Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- It includes various aspects of pollination, including types, agencies, and examples, as well as the significance of outbreeding devices and pollen-pistil interaction.
- The post-fertilization events, such as the development of the endosperm and embryo, seed, and fruit formation, are also discussed.
- Special modes like apomixis, parthenocarpy, and polyembryony are explored, along with the importance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
Here, students will have an insight into the female and male reproductive systems, with a microscopic analysis of the testis and ovary.
- The process of gametogenesis, which includes spermatogenesis and oogenesis, is explained in detail.
- The menstrual cycle, fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation, pregnancy, placenta formation, parturition, and lactation are covered comprehensively.
Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
This chapter covers the significance of reproductive health and focuses on various aspects of birth control techniques, their needs, and their importance.
- Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) and amniocentesis are discussed, along with the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
- The infertility and assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF, ZIFT, and GIFT, with a basic idea for general awareness.
Unit II - Chapter 4: Heredity and Diversity
This unit highlights the topics like genetics and evolution.
- Sex determination in humans, birds, and honey bees, as well as concepts like linkage and crossing over.
- Sex-linked inheritance, Mendelian disorders in humans (like thalassemia), chromosomal abnormalities, chromosomes and genes, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, and the inheritance of blood groups.
- Pleiotropy, an elementary idea of polygenic inheritance, and the chromosome theory of inheritance.
- Chromosomal disorders in humans, such as Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome.
Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- DNA fingerprinting, genome projects, transcription, the genetic code, translation, gene expression and control, and the lac operon.
- The search for genetic material and the significance of DNA as genetic material are also covered, along with topics like DNA packaging, DNA replication, and the central dogma.
Chapter 6: Evolution
This chapter delves into the origin of life and biological evolution, and evidences of evolution.
- Biological and molecular evidence, Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic Theory.
- Mutation, recombination, natural selection, types of natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, Hardy Weinberg Theory, adaptive radiation, and human development are also discussed in detail in this chapter.
Unit III - Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases
- The methods for controlling these diseases are discussed.
- Immunology fundamentals, including topics like cancer, HIV/AIDS, vaccinations, and the abuse of alcohol and drugs during adolescence, are also covered.
Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
- Role in food processing in the home and industrial production, sewage treatment, energy production, and their use as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
- The production and wise usage of antibiotics are also explored.
Unit IV - Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles & Processes
The principles and procedures of genetic modification, specifically Recombinant DNA Technology.
Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Application
- The creation of human insulin and vaccines, stem cell research, gene therapy, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) like Bt crops and transgenic animals.
- The issues related to biosafety, biopiracy, and patents.
Unit V - Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
- Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations, and population interactions such as parasitism, competition, predation, and mutualism.
- Population features like growth, mortality, and age distribution are discussed.
Chapter 12: Ecosystem
The structure and components of the ecosystem, production and decomposition, and energy flow. It also covers the ecological pyramid, its types, and biological population.
Chapter 13: Biodiversity and its Conservation
- It includes the loss of biodiversity, the conservation of biodiversity, and the identification of hotspots.
- Endangered species, extinction, the Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, and sanctuaries.
UP Board Class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus 2024-25
The list of practicals under the UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus are given below:
- Examine pollen germination on a slide.
- Collect soil samples from at least two locations and analyze them for texture, moisture content, pH, and water-holding capacity. Relate the findings to the types of plants that can be found in those locations.
- Gather water from two different nearby sources and analyze it to check its pH, clarity, and the presence of any living organisms.
- Prepare a temporary mount of the onion root tip to examine mitosis.
- Analyze the impact of three different pH levels, three different temperatures, and salivary amylase activity on starch.
- Isolate DNA from available plant material, such as spinach, green pea seeds, or papaya.
UP Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25: Spotting
The Observation/Study of Spotting will be held as a part of the UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus for the practical exam:
- Identify stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of the ovary, through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
- Comment on the morphological adaptations of two plants and two animals found in aquatic environments (models or virtual images).
- Study flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies, such as insects, wind, and birds.
- Prepare pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits, such as rolling of the tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak, and colorblindness.
- Examine meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
- Comment on the morphological adaptations of two animals and two plants (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions.
- Study T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
- Identify common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, and any fungus-causing ringworm through permanent specimens or slides. Comment on the symptoms of diseases that they can cause.
How to Download UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25?
The UP Board class 12 Biology syllabus PDF can be downloaded from the official website of the UP Board. For the same, refer to the simple steps given below:
- Step 1: Visit the official website of the UP Board, at upmsp.edu.in
- Step 2: You will find the “पाठ्यक्रम 2024-25” option on the left side of the homepage.
- Step 3: Click on the option. A new window will open on your screen that will display the syllabus of different classes and subjects.
- Step 4: Select the “Class 12” and the subject “Biology” and click on the download button.
- Step 5: Download and save the UP Board 12th Biology syllabus 2024-25 pdf.
