JAC Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2024-25 - Check Jharkhand 12th Biology Syllabus

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Structure of flowers, development of male and female gametophytes, types, agencies, and instances of pollination, out-of-breeding devices, pollen-pistil interaction, and double fertilization The development of the endosperm and embryo, the seed, and the fruit formation are post-fertilization events. Special modalities include apomixis, parthenocarpy, and polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
The reproductive systems of men and women; the microscopic structure of the testis and ovary; gametogenesis, including spermatogenesis and oogenesis; the menstrual cycle; fertilization; embryo development up to blastocyst the creation and implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation; parturition; and lactation.

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
Amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, ZIFT, and GIFT; birth control—need and methods, contraception, and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); (elementary idea for general awareness).

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendelian inheritance; variations from Mendelism: pleiotropy, multiple alleles and blood group inheritance, imperfect dominance, co-dominance; basic notion of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Humans, birds, and honey bees sex determination; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance includes color blindness and hemophilia; Human chromosomal disorders: Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome; Mendelian disorders: thalassemia.

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA packaging, DNA replication, Central Dogma, transcription, genetic code, translation, gene expression and regulation - lac operon; search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA fingerprinting; genome, rice and human genome studies.

Chapter 7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and its supporting evidence (e.g., paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution; contemporary synthetic theory of evolution; natural selection with examples and types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; evolving human species.

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites that cause, or are controlled for, human diseases such as ringworm, malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, and the common cold; Fundamental ideas in immunology: vaccinations; cancer; HIV/AIDS; Adolescence: abusing drugs and alcohol.

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes used in energy production, sewage treatment, industrial production, food processing, and as biocontrol and biofertilizer agents. The manufacturing and prudent use of antibiotics.

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications
The use of biotechnology in agriculture and health includes the manufacturing of human insulin and vaccines, gene therapy, stem cell research, genetically modified organisms (Bt crops), transgenic animals, biosafety concerns, biopiracy, and patents.

Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations
Population features include growth, the rate of births and deaths, and the distribution of ages. Population interactions include mutualism, competition, predation, and parasitism. (Topics such as the organism and its surroundings, important biotic factors, reactions to biotic factors, and adaptations are not included.)

Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity: notion, trends, significance; biodiversity loss; biodiversity protection; hotspots; Sacred Groves; Red Data Book; endangered species; extinction; national parks; wildlife; sanctuaries; and Ramsar sites.

Reproduction

16

Genetics and Evolution

20

Biology and Human Welfare

12

Biotechnology and its Applications

12

Ecology and Environment

10

Total

70