Computer Full Form

Computer full form is ‘Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research. It is defined as an electronic device that accepts user input, performs arithmetic/mathematical calculations, and provides results or results. Computer helps make our life easier.

What is the Full Form of a Computer?

As mentioned above the full form of a computer is Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research. A computer is an electronic device that receives data from the user, performs calculations and operations on it, and produces the desired results. The term Computer is derived from the Latin word "computerae" meaning to calculate. In today's world, computers play a crucial part in daily life. People use computers for many activities such as work, entertainment, communication and education.

How Computers Work?

A computer is an electronic device that runs instructions called software. The central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive (HDD), and input devices all constitute and form computer hardware. When the user gives an instruction, the CPU executes the instruction and gets the necessary data from the RAM or HDD.

Categories of Computers 

There are many types of computers, and each computer can be divided into categories based on its size and data processing capabilities. Below mentioned are computers included in both categories.

On the Basis of Size

• Super Computers

A supercomputer is a computer with a higher performance level than a general-purpose computer. Supercomputer performance is often measured in floating point operations per second rather than millions of instructions per second.

• Mainframe Computer

The mainframe computer is also known as a big iron. This type of computer is primarily used by large organizations for working on large data which includes data regarding census, business and user statistics, business planning, and large-scale business data processing.

• Mini Computer

The term "minicomputer" was coined in the 1960s to describe small computers made possible by the use of transistors, memory devices, small instructions, and low-cost components.

• Workstation

Workstations are computers specially designed for technical or scientific purposes. They are generally used for a single user who gets connected to a local area network and can also run multi-user OS.

• (Personal Computer)PC

A personal computer is a microcomputer suitable for personal use because of its size, features, and price.

On the Basis of Handling of Data

• Digital Computer: These computers can solve problems based on data that is stored and presented separately. Digital computers process information in binary code. Smartphones and tablets, calculators, digital meters, and calculators are all examples of digital computers.
• Analog Computer: An analog computer is a computer that relies on constant physical changes. Analog computers are used to control discrete and constant physical changes such as temperature and voltage. Accelerometers, seismometers, voltmeters, and flight simulators are all examples of analog computers.
• Hybrid Computers: This type of computer is actually a combination of digital and analog computers. Such computers can handle numbers and values together. Hybrid computers are used in Petrol pumps where we need to process both numbers and analog values.

Generations of computers 

• First Generation: The era of the first generation computers is from 1946 to 1954. The first generation computers used vacuum, also known as electric valves. The first generation computers were digital computers. For eg. Mark I 
• Second Generation: The second generation period is between 1955 and 1964. Second-generation computers used transistors instead of using vacuum tubes. In secondary computers, ferrite core is used as main memory, and magnetic material is used as secondary memory. High language is used. For eg. IBM 1620 & CDC 3600.
• Third Generation: The era of third-generation computers is from 1964 to 1977. Integrated circuit (IC) chips were installed to replace the transistor. For eg. IBM 360 & VAX 750
• Fourth Generation: The period of the fourth generation is from 1978 to 1990. These computers use VLSI. The term VLSI means  Massive Integration. It is a combination of embedded chips with more than 1,000 components. The personal computer was invented in this generation. For eg Apple Macintosh 
• Fifth Generation: The fifth period is the period from 1991 to the present. In the fifth generation, ULSI chips are used. ULSI refers to Ultra Large Scale Integration. In this generation, new technologies were introduced such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning

Important Components of Computer

There are multiple components in computers but there are some components that are required to function computers. Below are the most important components used for the functioning of computers

• Processor: It is responsible for carrying out commands from software and hardware.
• Memory: It is used as a temporary storage that is used for moving information between CPU and storage.
• Motherboard: It is a component that connects all components presented in the computer.
• Secondary Storage: It includes devices like hard disks where data is stored permanently.

Advancement in Computer Technology

Technology has come a long way since the establishment of computers. Early computers were large, expensive, and of limited capacity. But over time, computers have become more common, affordable, and efficient. Today we have computers of all types, such as laptops, desktops, tablets, and smartphones. The increase in computing power of today's computers has made it possible to perform complex tasks such as artificial intelligence and machine learning.