UCC full form

UCC full form is the Uniform Civil Code. This is a law that regulates all businesses. It was founded in 1953 at a time when it was difficult for companies to do business outside of state borders. This is important because it helps companies do business in different states by providing a set of rules and standards.

What is the Full Form of UCC?

As mentioned above, the full form of UCC is the Uniform Civil Code, which is a proposed legislation aiming at establishing uniform personal laws that are applied to all citizens of India equally. Irrespective of sex, religion, creed, or class every person of the nation comes under this law. Personal laws vary from public laws and they cover inheritance, marriage, adoption, divorce, and maintenance. It basically carries the set of laws governing all personal matters.

India as a country has a diverse population with different religions, therefore there exists different personal laws for different communities. Article 44 of DPSP (Directive Principle of State Policy) states that “the State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India”.

History of UCC

The history of the Uniform Civil Code dates back to the time of colonial period in India. It was then that the East India Company tried to bring uniformity in the local, religious, and social laws of India.

The Lex Loci Report of 1840 recommended that a uniform civil code be adopted for all Indians, except for Hindus and Muslims, whose personal laws would be kept outside the codification. The report argued that a uniform civil code would promote uniformity and certainty in the law, and would also help to protect the rights of women and children.

In 1947, the Constituent Assembly of India included a provision in the Constitution that called for the state to "endeavor to secure a uniform civil code for the citizens throughout the territory of India." However, the Constituent Assembly did not specify what the UCC would entail, and it has not been implemented in our country.

Working of UCC

UCC manages and regulates many transactions and sales of movable property. The laws created by the UCC are primarily focused on small businesses and corporations. For eg. If someone bought a car last year, they must sign the UCC form and name the loan until the loan is repaid. It also deals with properties guaranteed by the bank. While UCC manages all real estate-related transactions, it does not deal with real estate such as land or any land-related property.UCC sets standards for the processing of checks and other transactions.

Which Articles Come Under UCC?

Article 1: It deals with the general requirements. It also provides some guidelines and restrictions on how UCC works.

Article 2: It deals with sales of goods but does not include service contracts & projects related to real estate. The article also has a subpart termed Article 2a that deals with leases of personal property.

Article 3: It includes items such as exchange rates and fees. The article also has roots in the National Instrumental Act which was approved by the National Conference of Uniform State Law Commissioners.

Article 4: It is completely based on bank deposits and collections. Article 4 controls and provides requirements for business interactions 

There are a few more articles that are covered under UCC, full form of which is  Uniform Civil Code.

Different Civil Codes in India

India has different religious communities which come with different personal laws according to the needs and aspirations of the group.  This further includes Hindu laws, Muslim laws, Parsis laws, etc.

Hindu Personal Laws- The Hindu Personal Laws govern the personal matters of Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, and Buddhists. It covers issues such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption. The Hindu Marriage Act, of 1955 is the main legislation governing Hindu marriage. The Hindu Succession Act, of 1956 governs inheritance among Hindus.

Muslim Personal Laws- The Muslim Personal Laws govern the personal matters of Muslims similar to that of Hindu law like marriage, divorce, adoption, etc. The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, of 1937 is the main legislation governing Muslim personal law in India.

Christian Personal Laws- The Christian Personal Laws govern the issues of Christians.  The Indian Christian Marriage Act, of 1872 is the main legislation governing Christian marriage in India.

Such as the above laws there exist laws for Parsi and Judaism in India. Although there exist different personal laws according to different religions, it is considered that the laws stand discriminatory against women and children. There are continuous movements going on to reform these laws and make them more equitable.

About Ongoing Debate Over the UCC

The debate over the UCC, the full form of which is Uniform Civil Code, has been going on for many years in India which proposes to handle the personal matters of every person regardless of their religion. The UCC has been supported by some people who believe that it would promote equality and justice for all Indians. However, it has also been opposed by others who believe that it would violate religious freedom and cultural autonomy.

The debate over the UCC has intensified in recent years, as the BJP government has made it a priority to implement the code. In 2023, the Law Commission of India issued a public notice soliciting opinions and comments on the UCC. This has led to a renewed debate on the issue, with people from all walks of life weighing in on the matter.

Written By: Deepit Mathur